Sex-tailored pharmacology and COVID-19: next steps towards appropriateness and health equity
| Autor: | Elena Ortona, Valentina Giudice, Andrea Cignarella, Marina Ziche, Amelia Filippelli, Silvia De Francia, Vincenzo Brancaleone, Andrea Spini, Luigia Trabace, Anna Ruggieri, Maria Grazia Morgese |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Università degli Studi di Siena = University of Siena (UNISI), University of Salerno (UNISA), Università degli studi della Basilicata [Potenza] (UNIBAS), Università degli Studi di Foggia = University of Foggia (Unifg), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Istituto Superiore di Sanita [Rome], Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Admin, Oskar |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
TMPRSS2
Transmembrane protease serine 2 COVID-19 Drug repurposing Gender pharmacology Health equity Pregnancy Sex Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Review E4 Estetrol law.invention BLAZE-1 Blocking Viral Attachment and Cell Entry with SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies DHT Dihydrotestosterone IgG1 Immunoglobulin subclass 1 NIH National Institutes of Health Randomized controlled trial law Health care AF Atrial fibrillation Medicine RAAS Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system IL Interleukin Precision Medicine Gonadal Steroid Hormones LMWH Low-molecular-weight heparin GM-CSF Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor drug repurposing health equity pregnancy sex CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Sex Characteristics TCM Traditional Chinese Medicine Sex hormone receptor SERMs Selective estrogen receptor modulators ER Estrogen receptor ICU Intensive care unit PEG Polyethylene glycol COVID-19 Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pharmacology Clinical AT1R Angiotensin receptor type-1 PG Progesterone JAK Janus Kinase E2 17β-estradiol JAKi JAK inhibitors IL-6R IL-6 receptor medicine.medical_specialty COVID-19 Vaccines DMARDs Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs RBD Receptor binding domain CYP Cytochrome P TNF-α Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha HCV Hepatitis C virus HR Hazard ratio VTE Venous thromboembolism GC Glucocorticoids PF4 Platelet factor 4 ACE2 Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 ARDS Acute respiratory distress syndrome Humans FcRn Neonatal Fc receptor Th1 T helper 1 cells DOAC Direct oral anticoagulant FAERS FDA Adverse Events Reporting Monitoring System Intensive care medicine Adverse effect TCZ Tocilizumab AIFA Italian Medicines Agency AnxA1/FPR2 Annexin A1/formyl-peptide receptor 2 Pharmacology SARS-CoV-2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 T Testosterone business.industry FDA Food & Drug Administration mTOR Mammalian target of rapamycin SETH Spanish Society of Liver Transplantation Evidence-based medicine medicine.disease CI Confidence Interval TIV Trivalent influenza vaccination COVID-19 Drug Treatment ACE-Is ACE inhibitors H2S Hydrogen sulfide [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie Sex steroid MERS Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome ARBs Angiotensin-II receptor blockers EMA European Medicines Agency [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie business mAbs Monoclonal antibodies |
| Zdroj: | Pharmacological Research Pharmacological Research, 2021, 173, pp.105848. ⟨10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105848⟩ |
| ISSN: | 1043-6618 1096-1186 |
| Popis: | Making gender bias visible allows to fill the gaps in knowledge and understand health records and risks of women and men. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has shown a clear gender difference in health outcomes. The more severe symptoms and higher mortality in men as compared to women are likely due to sex and age differences in immune responses. Age-associated decline in sex steroid hormone levels may mediate proinflammatory reactions in older adults, thereby increasing their risk of adverse outcomes, whereas sex hormones and/or sex hormone receptor modulators may attenuate the inflammatory response and provide benefit to COVID-19 patients. While multiple pharmacological options including anticoagulants, glucocorticoids, antivirals, anti-inflammatory agents and traditional Chinese medicine preparations have been tested to treat COVID-19 patients with varied levels of evidence in terms of efficacy and safety, information on sex-targeted treatment strategies is currently limited. Women may have more benefit from COVID-19 vaccines than men, despite the occurrence of more frequent adverse effects, and long-term safety data with newly developed vectors are eagerly awaited. The prevalent inclusion of men in randomised clinical trials (RCTs) with subsequent extrapolation of results to women needs to be addressed, as reinforcing sex-neutral claims into COVID-19 research may insidiously lead to increased inequities in health care. The huge worldwide effort with over 3,000 ongoing RCTs of pharmacological agents should focus on improving knowledge on sex, gender and age as pillars of individual variation in drug responses and enforce appropriateness. Graphical abstract |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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