GCN4 Regulates Secondary Metabolism through Activation of Antioxidant Gene Expression under Nitrogen Limitation Conditions in Ganoderma lucidum
| Autor: | Lingshuai Wang, Shuqi Song, Lingdan Lian, Ang Ren, Mingwen Zhao, Rui Liu, Jing Zhu, Liang Shi |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Reishi
Nitrogen Glutathione reductase Secondary Metabolism Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Fungal Proteins 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Gene Expression Regulation Fungal Transcriptional regulation Environmental Microbiology Secondary metabolism Transcription factor 030304 developmental biology chemistry.chemical_classification 0303 health sciences Reactive oxygen species Ecology biology 030306 microbiology Enzyme biosynthesis Ganoderic acid Glutathione Cell biology chemistry Catalase biology.protein Oxidoreductases Reactive Oxygen Species Food Science Biotechnology Transcription Factors |
| Zdroj: | Appl Environ Microbiol |
| ISSN: | 1098-5336 |
| Popis: | Nitrogen limitation has been widely reported to affect the growth and development of fungi, and the transcription factor GCN4 (general control nonderepressible 4) is involved in nitrogen restriction. Here, we found that nitrogen limitation highly induced the expression of GCN4 and promoted the synthesis of ganoderic acid (GA), an important secondary metabolite in Ganoderma lucidum. The activated GCN4 is involved in regulating GA biosynthesis. In addition, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) also affects the synthesis of GA under nitrogen restrictions. The silencing of the gcn4 gene led to further accumulation of ROS and increased the content of GA. Further studies found that GCN4 activated the transcription of antioxidant enzyme biosynthesis genes gr, gst2, and cat3 (encoding glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, and catalase, respectively) through direct binding to the promoter of these genes to reduce the ROS accumulation. In conclusion, our study found that GCN4 directly interacts with the ROS signaling pathway to negatively regulate GA biosynthesis under nitrogen-limiting conditions. This provides an essential insight into the understanding of GCN4 transcriptional regulation of the ROS signaling pathway and enriches the knowledge of nitrogen regulation mechanisms in fungal secondary metabolism of G. lucidum. IMPORTANCE Nitrogen has been widely reported to regulate secondary metabolism in fungi. Our study assessed the specific nitrogen regulatory mechanisms in Ganoderma lucidum. We found that GCN4 directly interacts with the ROS signaling pathway to negatively regulate GA biosynthesis under nitrogen-limiting conditions. Our research highlights a novel insight that GCN4, the nitrogen utilization regulator, participates in secondary metabolism through ROS signal regulation. In addition, this also provides a theoretical foundation for exploring the regulation of other physiological processes by GCN4 through ROS in fungi. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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