The P16 rootstock inhibits the growth but enhances the fruit quality of 'Jonagored' apples when grown under warm summer conditions
Autor: | J. Val, A. Lasaosa, Ana Pilar Mata, Alvaro Blanco |
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Rok vydání: | 2008 |
Předmět: |
Malus
color del fruto dwarfism fruit colour pigmentos Vegetative reproduction vegetative growth ROOTSTOCKS INHIBITION skin pigments CALIDAD ENANO EXPERIMENTACION Crop chemistry.chemical_compound Malus × domestica DWARFS ESPANA QUALITY EXPERIMENTATION COLOR Cultivar CRECIMIENTO MANZANA MALUS PUMILA biology patrones enanizantes SPAIN biology.organism_classification APPLES Dwarfing PORTAINJERTOS chemistry Agronomy Anthocyanin Shoot GROWTH Crecimiento vegetativo Rootstock Agronomy and Crop Science COLOUR INHIBICION |
Zdroj: | Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research; Vol. 6 No. 3 (2008); 412-421 Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research; Vol. 6 Núm. 3 (2008); 412-421 SJAR. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research instname Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC |
ISSN: | 2171-9292 |
Popis: | Available online at www.inia.es/sjar [EN] The production of high quality fruit is the main aim of fruit growers. In areas where summers are warm, high apple quality is often difficult to attain, particularly with respect to red cultivars; colour is one of the main features affecting fruit quality. In vigorous red apple cultivars, the use of very dwarfing rootstocks might help overcome the lack of colouring in the fruit. In experiments performed in 2003 and 2004, specimens of apple cv. Jonagored grafted onto P16 rootstocks were compared to others grafted onto M9 rootstocks; fruit thinning was performed to various extents so that trees carried different crop loads. Under the warm summer conditions of the Ebro Valley, Spain, the P16 rootstock showed very strong dwarfing properties. Jonagored trees grafted onto these rootstocks had shorter shoot lengths and a smaller leaf area than those grafted onto M9 rootstocks. The fruits of Jonagored apple trees are usually large, but in 2004, when the crop loads of the P16-grafted trees were far greater than those of the M9-grafted trees, the fruits of the former were smaller than those produced by the latter, although still commercially suitable. The rootstocks were found to affect several fruit quality variables. The soluble solids content of the fruits of the P16-grafted trees was greater than that of the M9-grafted trees, and negatively correlated with the crop load. In 2003, when summer temperatures were higher, fruits developed a less intense red colour than in 2004, although those from the P16-grafted trees were redder in both years. This difference in fruit colour was caused by the higher anthocyanin and lower chlorophyll concentrations of the skins. [ES] La producción de fruta de gran calidad, particularmente los cultivares de manzanas rojas, es especialmente difícil en áreas de clima cálido. En variedades rojas vigorosas la utilización de patrones muy enanizantes puede ayudar a resolver el problema. En las condiciones de cultivo del Valle del Ebro, con veranos muy calurosos, se han comparado manzanos ‘Jonagored’ injertados sobre patrones P16 y M9, durante los años 2003 y 2004, a los que se aplicaron diferentes niveles de aclareo para conseguir distintas carga de cosecha, y discernir el efecto del patrón sobre la calidad del fruto. El P16 se ha comportado como muy enanizante, dando lugar a brotes mucho más cortos y hojas más pequeñas que el M9. El cultivar ‘Jonagored’ produce frutos de gran tamaño. Sin embargo, en 2004, los árboles sobre P16 produjeron frutos de menor peso medio, aunque comercialmente apropiados, porque la carga de cosecha resultó mayor que los injertados sobre M9. Se encontraron diferencias en parámetros de calidad del fruto: los frutos de árboles sobre P16 tuvieron un mayor contenido en sólidos solubles que los del M9, parámetro que se relacionó negativamente con la carga de cosecha. En 2003, año especialmente caluroso, el color rojo del fruto se desarrolló mucho menos que en 2004, aunque en ambos años las manzanas de árboles sobre P16 resultaron más coloreadas que las de M9. La diferencia en coloración fue debida a mayores concentraciones de antocianinas y menores de clorofilas en la piel de los frutos producidos sobre el P16. This work was financed by the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (Spain) via research projects AGL2001-2260 and AGL2004-04305. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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