Exploring the highs and lows of very low carbohydrate high fat diets on weight loss and diabetes‐ and cardiovascular disease‐related risk markers: A systematic review
| Autor: | Angela Byrnes, Robin L. Hay, Lynda J. Ross, Andrea Cawte, Jane Musial |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
030309 nutrition & dietetics
Saturated fat Physiology Overweight Diet High-Fat Risk Assessment Diet Carbohydrate-Restricted 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound 0302 clinical medicine Diabetes management Weight loss Diabetes mellitus Weight Loss Diabetes Mellitus medicine Humans 030212 general & internal medicine 0303 health sciences Nutrition and Dietetics Triglyceride business.industry medicine.disease Obesity Blood pressure chemistry Cardiovascular Diseases medicine.symptom business Biomarkers |
| Zdroj: | Nutrition & Dietetics. 78:41-56 |
| ISSN: | 1747-0080 1446-6368 |
| DOI: | 10.1111/1747-0080.12649 |
| Popis: | Aim: Very low carbohydrate high fat diets (VLCHF) are increasingly popular for weight loss and diabetes management, but the risk implications of long-term adherence to a high-fat-diet remain unclear, especially in high-risk populations. This review aimed to examine adherence, weight loss, diabetes- and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related risk markers in adults consuming VLCHF diets. Methods: Online databases were searched for randomised controlled trials ≥3 months duration that met a pre-defined macronutrient prescription: VLCHF ≤25%E carbohydrate, >35%E fat; low fat (LF) ≥45%E carbohydrate, ≤30%E fat; and reported energy, saturated fat (SFA), weight, blood glucose, cholesterol and blood pressure (BP). Studies were excluded if the macronutrient prescription was not targeted (n = 32); not met (n = 17) or not reported (n = 13). Results: Eight studies included: 1217 commenced; 922 completed overweight and obese adults. Diets were isocaloric moderately energy-restricted, closely monitored with ongoing support from dietitians, physicians, and/or nurses. Four studies reported non-adherence beyond 3 months (n = 3) and 6 months (n = 1) despite interventions of 12, 15 and 24 months. VLCHF diets were high in fat and SFA (fat 49%-56%E; SFA 11%-21%E) compared to LF diets (fat 13%-29%E; SFA 5%-11%E). All groups achieved significant weight loss and improvements in BP and blood glucose. LDL-C reduction favoured LF, P |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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