Clinical, serological and epidemiological features of hepatitis A in León, Nicaragua
| Autor: | Marcel Zwahlen, Sereina A. Herzog, Christian Herzog, Orlando Mayorga, Nadia Flores, Gustav Frösner, Sandra de Berti, Sophie Jaisli |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Pediatrics
medicine.medical_specialty Epidemiology Nausea 030231 tropical medicine 610 Medicine & health Gastroenterology and Hepatology General Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine 360 Social problems & social services Internal Medicine medicine 030212 general & internal medicine Young adult Disease burden Hepatitis business.industry General Neuroscience Hepatitis A Clinical features Central America Seasonality General Medicine Jaundice medicine.disease Infectious Diseases Serology Risk factors Vomiting Medicine Human medicine medicine.symptom General Agricultural and Biological Sciences business |
| Zdroj: | Jaisli, Sophie; Mayorga, Orlando; Flores, Nadia; de Berti, Sandra; Frösner, Gustav; Herzog, Christian; Zwahlen, Marcel; Herzog, Sereina A (2021). Clinical, serological and epidemiological features of hepatitis A in León, Nicaragua. PeerJ, 9, e11516. PeerJ, Ltd 10.7717/peerj.11516 PeerJ PeerJ, Vol 9, p e11516 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 2167-8359 |
| Popis: | Background and Objectives To monitor and document the endemicity and disease burden of acute hepatitis A in the area of an ongoing vaccine effectiveness study in León, Nicaragua. Methods At community health centres in León, all children, adolescents and young adults presenting with jaundice and/or other clinical signs of hepatitis were offered free serologic screening (hepatitis A, B and C) and blood tests for liver enzymes and bilirubin. Clinical and socioeconomic data were collected with a structured questionnaire. Diagnosis of acute hepatitis A was confirmed by anti-HAV IgM testing. Using logistic regression we compared the characteristics and living conditions of acute hepatitis A cases with those of non-cases. Results Of 557 eligible subjects enrolled between May 2006 and March 2010, 315 (56.6%) were diagnosed with hepatitis A, 80.6% of them ≤10 years and five >18 years of age. No severe cases were encountered. Apart from jaundice (95.6%) and other signs of hepatitis A (fever, pale stool, dark urine, nausea, vomiting, anorexia), two thirds of patients had moderately raised liver enzymes. Cases occurred throughout the year, with highest incidences from August to March. Poor sanitary conditions and crowding were the main risk factors. Conclusions In the study area, hepatitis A is still highly endemic in young and school age children living in low socioeconomic conditions. There are, however, first indications that the endemicity level is shifting from high to high-intermediate. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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