Bacterial Sigma Factors and Anti-Sigma Factors: Structure, Function and Distribution
| Autor: | Mark S. B. Paget |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
extracytoplasmic
lcsh:QR1-502 Anti-sigma factors sigma Sigma Factor Computational biology Review Biology partner-switching Biochemistry lcsh:Microbiology chemistry.chemical_compound stress Bacterial Proteins Sigma factor Transcription (biology) RNA polymerase Molecular Biology Polymerase Communication General transcription factor business.industry fungi Sigma Promoter Protein Transport chemistry RIP biology.protein bacteria business transcription anti-sigma signal transduction |
| Zdroj: | Biomolecules Biomolecules, Vol 5, Iss 3, Pp 1245-1265 (2015) |
| ISSN: | 2218-273X |
| Popis: | Sigma factors are multi-domain subunits of bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP) that play critical roles in transcription initiation, including the recognition and opening of promoters as well as the initial steps in RNA synthesis. This review focuses on the structure and function of the major sigma-70 class that includes the housekeeping sigma factor (Group 1) that directs the bulk of transcription during active growth, and structurally-related alternative sigma factors (Groups 2–4) that control a wide variety of adaptive responses such as morphological development and the management of stress. A recurring theme in sigma factor control is their sequestration by anti-sigma factors that occlude their RNAP-binding determinants. Sigma factors are then released through a wide variety of mechanisms, often involving branched signal transduction pathways that allow the integration of distinct signals. Three major strategies for sigma release are discussed: regulated proteolysis, partner-switching, and direct sensing by the anti-sigma factor. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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