Managing Diffuse Phosphorus at the Source versus at the Sink
| Autor: | Brooke K. Mayer, Bruce E. Rittmann, Richard W. McDowell, Treavor H. Boyer, Stephen M. Powers, Katrina A. Macintosh, Lawrence A. Baker |
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| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Sink
Source 010501 environmental sciences 01 natural sciences Sink (geography) Soil Water Quality Environmental Chemistry SDG 2 - Zero Hunger 0105 earth and related environmental sciences geography geography.geographical_feature_category business.industry Water SDG 8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Agriculture Phosphorus 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences General Chemistry Phosphorus management Diffuse SDG 11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Management Current practice 040103 agronomy & agriculture Food processing 0401 agriculture forestry and fisheries Environmental science Water quality SDG 12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Water resource management business Surface runoff |
| Zdroj: | Macintosh, K A, Mayer, B K, McDowell, R W, Powers, S M, Baker, L A, Boyer, T H & Rittmann, B E 2018, ' Managing diffuse phosphorus at the source versus at the sink ', Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 52, no. 21, pp. 11995-12009 . https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b01143 |
| ISSN: | 1520-5851 0013-936X |
| Popis: | Judicious phosphorus (P) management is a global grand challenge and critical to achieving and maintaining water quality objectives while maintaining food production. The management of point sources has been successful in lowering P inputs to aquatic environments, but more difficult is reducing P discharges associated with diffuse sources, such as non-point runoff from agriculture and urban landscapes, as well as P accumulated in soils and sediments. Strategies for effective diffuse-P management are imperative. Many options are currently available, and the most cost-effective and practical choice depends on the local situation. This critical review describes how the metrics of P quantity in kg ha-1 yr-1 and P form can influence decision-making and implementation of diffuse-P management strategies. Quantifying the total available pool of P, and its form, in a system is necessary to inform effective decision-making. The review draws upon a number of ‘current practice’ case studies that span agriculture, cities, and aquatic sectors. These diverse examples from around the world highlight different diffuse-P management approaches, delivered at the source in the catchment watershed or at the aquatic sink. They underscore workable options for achieving water quality improvement and wider P sustainability. The diffuse-P management options discussed in this critical review are transferable to other jurisdictions at the global scale. We demonstrate that P quantity is typically highest and most concentrated at the source, particularly at farm scale. The most cost-effective and practically implementable diffuse-P management options are, therefore, to reduce P use, conserve P, and mitigate P loss at the source. Sequestering and removing P from aquatic sinks involves increasing cost, but is sometimes the most effective choice. Recovery of diffuse-P, while expensive, offers opportunity for the circular economy. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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