Extracellular GABA assisting in organizing dynamic cell assemblies to shorten reaction time to sensory stimulation
| Autor: | Ryuta Sakamoto, Rikiya Kameno, Osamu Hoshino, Taira Kobayashi, Asahi Ishiyama, Kazuo Watanabe |
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| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
General Computer Science Central nervous system Models Neurological Sensory system Cell Communication Inhibitory postsynaptic potential 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine medicine Extracellular Reaction Time Animals Humans gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Neurons Sensory stimulation therapy Chemistry Coupling (electronics) 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure nervous system Neural Networks Computer Neuroscience Neuroglia 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Homeostasis Biotechnology Astrocyte |
| Zdroj: | Biological cybernetics. 113(3) |
| ISSN: | 1432-0770 |
| Popis: | Until recently, glia, which exceeds the number of neurons, was considered to only have supportive roles in the central nervous system, providing homeostatic controls and metabolic supports. However, recent studies suggest that glia interacts with neurons and plays active roles in information processing within neuronal circuits. To elucidate how glia contributes to neuronal information processing, we simulated a sensory neuron–glia (neuron–astrocyte) network model. It was investigated in association with ambient (extracellular) GABA level, because the astrocyte has a major role in removing extracellular GABA molecules. In the network model, transporters, embedded in plasma membranes of astrocytes, modulated local ambient GABA levels by actively removing extracellular GABA molecules which persistently acted on receptors in membranes outside synapses and provided pyramidal cells with inhibitory currents. Gap-junction coupling between astrocytes mediated a concordant decrease in local ambient GABA levels, which solicited a prompt population response of pyramidal cells (i.e., activation of an ensemble of pyramidal cells) to a sensory stimulus. As a consequence, the reaction time of a motor network, to which axons of pyramidal cells of the sensory network project, to the sensory stimulus was shortened. We suggest that the astrocytic gap-junction coupling may assist in organizing dynamic cell assemblies by coordinating a reduction in local ambient GABA levels, thereby shortening reaction time to sensory stimulation. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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