Cone snail milked venom dynamics – A quantitative study of Conus purpurascens
| Autor: | Priamo Toribo, Majdouline LeRoy, Do H. Kim, Jon-Paul Bingham, Margaret R. Baker, Joycelyn B. Chun |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2012 |
| Předmět: |
Chromatography
biology Molecular Sequence Data Conus Snail Mollusk Venoms Zoology Venom Toxicology biology.organism_classification complex mixtures Article Cone snail Conus purpurascens Molecular Weight Spectrometry Mass Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization Conus Animals Spectrophotometry Ultraviolet Amino Acid Sequence Conotoxin Envenomation Chromatography High Pressure Liquid |
| Zdroj: | Toxicon. 60:83-94 |
| ISSN: | 0041-0101 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.03.019 |
| Popis: | Milked venom from cone snails represent a novel biological resource with a proven track record for drug discovery. To strengthen this correlation, we undertook a chromatographic and mass spectrometric study of individual milked venoms from Conus purpurascens. Milked venoms demonstrate extensive peptide differentiation amongst individual specimens and during captivity. Individual snails were found to lack a consistent set of described conopeptides, but instead demonstrated the ability to change venom expression, composition and post-translational modification incorporation; all variations contribute to an increase in chemical diversity and prey targeting strategies. Quantitative amino acid analysis revealed that milked venom peptides are expressed at ranges up to 3.51-121.01 μM within single milked venom samples. This provides for a 6.37-20,965 fold-excess of toxin to induce apparent IC₅₀ for individual conopeptides identified in this study. Comparative molecular mass analysis of duct venom, milked venom and radula tooth extracts from single C. purpurascens specimens demonstrated a level of peptide continuity. Numerous highly abundant and unique conopeptides remain to be characterized. This study strengthens the notion that approaches in conopeptide drug lead discovery programs will potentially benefit from a greater understanding of the toxinological nature of the milked venoms of Conus. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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