Effect of free-base and protonated nicotine on nicotine yield from electronic cigarettes with varying power and liquid vehicle
| Autor: | Ahmad El-Hellani, Nareg Karaoghlanian, Soha Talih, Alan Shihadeh, Rola Salman, Rachel El-Hage, Najat A. Saliba |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Nicotine
Inorganic chemistry 030508 substance abuse lcsh:Medicine Protonation Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Power level Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Article law.invention 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine law Nicotine concentration medicine 030212 general & internal medicine lcsh:Science Nicotine yield Multidisciplinary Chemistry lcsh:R Free base Health policy Solutions Risk factors Yield (chemistry) lcsh:Q 0305 other medical science Electronic cigarette medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Scientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-5 (2020) Scientific Reports |
| ISSN: | 2045-2322 |
| DOI: | 10.1038/s41598-020-73385-6 |
| Popis: | Nicotine in electronic cigarette (ECIG) liquids can exist in a free-base or protonated (or “salt”) form. Protonated nicotine is less aversive upon inhalation than free-base nicotine, and many ECIG manufacturers have begun marketing protonated nicotine products, often with high nicotine concentrations. Regulations intended to control ECIG nicotine delivery limit nicotine concentration but do not consider nicotine form. In this study, we systematically examined the effect of nicotine form on nicotine yield for varying powers and liquid vehicles. A Kanger Subox Mini-C tank ECIG (0.5 Ω) was used to generate aerosols at varying powers (5–45 W) from liquid solutions that contained either free-base or protonated nicotine at 15 mg/g concentration, with a liquid vehicle consisting of either propylene glycol (PG) or vegetable glycerin (VG), resulting in four different solutions (free-base/PG, free-base/VG, protonated/PG, and protonated/VG). Nicotine yield was quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Nicotine yields were not influenced by nicotine form under any condition investigated. At each power level, PG-based liquids resulted in approximately double the nicotine yield of VG-based liquids. Nicotine concentrations in the aerosols matched those of the parent liquids for both the PG and VG conditions. Increasing power led to greater nicotine yield across all conditions. The amount of nicotine emitted by an ECIG is independent of whether the nicotine is free-base or protonated, however the liquid vehicle has a strong effect on yield. Regulations intended to limit nicotine emissions must consider not only nicotine concentration, but also liquid vehicle and device power. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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