Hydroxyurea exposure triggers tissue-specific activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling and the DNA damage response in organogenesis-stage mouse embryos
| Autor: | Serena Banh, Barbara F. Hales |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2013 |
| Předmět: |
MAPK/ERK pathway
Cytoplasm MAP Kinase Kinase 3 MAP Kinase Kinase 6 Toxicology medicine.disease_cause p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases hindlimb Embryo Culture Techniques Mice 0302 clinical medicine Pregnancy Hydroxyurea oxidative stress Phosphorylation γH2AX 0303 health sciences Kinase Abnormalities Drug-Induced 3. Good health medicine.anatomical_structure cell death Female Signal transduction MEK3/6 Signal Transduction Research Article Programmed cell death DNA damage replication stress Mice Inbred Strains Biology 03 medical and health sciences Necrosis medicine Animals Protein kinase A 030304 developmental biology Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors appendicular skeleton Cell Nucleus Dose-Response Relationship Drug Neural tube DNA Embryo Mammalian Molecular biology MAP2K3 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Oxidative stress DNA Damage |
| Zdroj: | Toxicological Sciences |
| ISSN: | 1096-0929 |
| Popis: | Editor’s Highlight: Hydroxyurea, a commonly used antineoplastic agent, induces teratogenesis accompanied by oxidative stress in rodent models. Banh and Hales report on the early and transient activation of p38 MAPK downstream of MEK3/6 following in utero exposure of murine embryos to hydroxyurea at gestational day 9. Hydroxyurea had a primary impact on neurological structures, where nuclear translocation of phospho-p38 and formation of γH2AX foci, accompanied by an increase in pyknotic nuclei, were observed in the malformation-sensitive caudal neuroepithelium. In contrast, the heart appeared protected despite the accumulation of γH2AX foci, the nuclear expression of phospho-p38 MAPK and the development of pyknotic nuclei were minimal in cardiac regions, suggesting that hydroxyurea may induce tissue-specific DNA repair mechanisms, such as nucleotide excision or crosslink repair. — Matthew Campen Hydroxyurea (HU) is commonly used to treat myeloproliferative diseases and sickle cell anemia. The administration of HU to gestation day 9 CD1 mice causes predominantly hindlimb, tail, and neural tube defects. HU induces oxidative stress and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in embryos. HU also inactivates ribonucleotide reductase, leading to DNA replication stress and DNA damage response signaling. We hypothesize that HU exposure induces p38 MAPK activation and DNA damage response signaling during organogenesis preferentially in malformation-sensitive tissues. HU treatment (400 or 600mg/kg) induced the activation of MEK3/6, upstream MAP2K3 kinases, within 30min; phospho-MEK3/6 immunoreactivity was increased throughout the embryo. Activation of the downstream p38 MAPK peaked 3h post-HU treatment. At this time, phospho-p38 MAPK immunoreactivity was enhanced in the cytoplasm and nucleus of cells in the rostral and caudal neuroepithelium and neural tube; significant increases in p38 MAPK signaling were not observed in the somites or heart. Interestingly, the DNA damage response, as assessed by the formation of γH2AX foci, was increased at 3h in HU-exposed embryos in all tissues examined, including the somites and heart. Increases in pyknotic nuclei and cell fragmentation were observed in all tissues except the heart, an organ that is relatively resistant to HU-induced malformations. Thus, although HU induces a widespread DNA damage response, the activation of p38 MAPK is localized to the rostral and caudal neuroepithelium and neural tube, suggesting that p38 MAPK pathways may play a role in mediating the specific malformations observed after HU exposure. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|