Next-Generation Human Cerebral Organoids as Powerful Tools To Advance NeuroHIV Research
Autor: | Robert L. Furler, Sonia Mediouni, Thomas A. Premeaux, Susana T. Valente, Douglas F. Nixon, Lishomwa C. Ndhlovu, Howard A. Fine, Ana Rachel Leda |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2021 |
Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Central nervous system Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) HIV reservoirs HIV Infections reservoirs Neuropathology In Vitro Techniques medicine.disease_cause Microbiology Mice 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Immune system Viral entry Virology Organoid Animals Humans Medicine neuropathology Human studies business.industry Research HIV cure Brain HIV Human brain cure QR1-502 Organoids 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure cerebral organoids HIV-1 Minireview business Neuroscience 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
Zdroj: | mBio, Vol 12, Iss 4 (2021) mBio |
ISSN: | 2150-7511 |
Popis: | Long-term effective use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among people with HIV (PWH) has significantly reduced the burden of disease, yet a cure for HIV has not been universally achieved, likely due to the persistence of an HIV reservoir. The central nervous system (CNS) is an understudied HIV sanctuary. Importantly, due to viral persistence in the brain, cognitive disturbances persist to various degrees at high rates in PWH despite suppressive ART. Given the complexity and accessibility of the CNS compartment and that it is a physiologically and anatomically unique immune site, human studies to reveal molecular mechanisms of viral entry, reservoir establishment, and the cellular and structural interactions leading to viral persistence and brain injury to advance a cure and either prevent or limit cognitive impairments in PWH remain challenging. Recent advances in human brain organoids show that they can mimic the intercellular dynamics of the human brain and may recapitulate many of the events involved in HIV infection of the brain (neuroHIV). Human brain organoids can be produced, spontaneously or with addition of growth factors and at immature or mature states, and have become stronger models to study neurovirulent viral infections of the CNS. While organoids provide opportunities to study neuroHIV, obstacles such as the need to incorporate microglia need to be overcome to fully utilize this model. Here, we review the current achievements in brain organoid biology and their relevance to neuroHIV research efforts. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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