Extracellular Vesicles Released From the Skin Commensal Yeast Malassezia sympodialis Activate Human Primary Keratinocytes
Autor: | Annika Scheynius, Catharina Johansson, Rosanne E. Veerman, Helen Vallhov |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2020 |
Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Microbiology (medical) keratinocytes MalaEx Chemokine ICAM-1 Lymphocyte 030106 microbiology Immunology lcsh:QR1-502 Human skin Microbiology lcsh:Microbiology 03 medical and health sciences Immune system Cellular and Infection Microbiology Antigen medicine Humans Symbiosis Cells Cultured Skin Original Research Malassezia biology Host Microbial Interactions Chemistry Allergens biology.organism_classification Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 030104 developmental biology Infectious Diseases medicine.anatomical_structure Malassezia sympodialis biology.protein fungi extracellular vesicles |
Zdroj: | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Vol 10 (2020) |
ISSN: | 2235-2988 |
Popis: | Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from fungi have been shown to participate in inter-organismal communication and in cross-kingdom modulation of host defence. Malassezia species are the dominant commensal fungal members of the human skin microbiota. We have previously found that Malassezia sympodialis releases EVs. These EVs, designated MalaEx, carry M. sympodialis allergens and induce a different inflammatory cytokine response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with atopic dermatitis compared to healthy controls. In this study we explored the host-microbe interaction between MalaEx and human keratinocytes with the hypothesis that MalaEx might be able to activate human keratinocytes to express the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1, CD54) and to induce release of cytokines and/or chemokines. MalaEx were prepared from M. sympodialis (ATCC 42132) culture supernatants by a combination of centrifugation, filtration and serial ultracentrifugation. The MalaEx showed a size range of 70-580 nm with a mean of 154 nm using nanoparticle tracking analysis. MalaEx were found to induce a significant up-regulation of ICAM-1expression on primary human keratinocytes isolated from human ex vivo skin (p=0.026, n=3), compared to the unstimulated keratinocytes. In addition, the concentration of IL-1β was significantly increased in the MalaEx co-culture supernatants (p=0.027, n=3). Since, ICAM-1 is a counter ligand for the leukocyte integrins lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) and macrophage-1 antigen (Mac-1) induced expression on epithelial cells leads to attraction of immune competent cells. IL-1β is important for activation and recruitment of effector cells and a mediator in the inflammatory phase of healing processes in skin lesions. Thus, the capacity of MalaEx to activate keratinocytes with both an enhanced ICAM-1 expression and increased release of IL-1β indicate an important step in the cutaneous defence against M. sympodialis. How this modulation of host cells by a fungus is balanced between the commensal, pathogenic or beneficial states on the skin in the interplay with the host needs to be further elucidated. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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