The fraction of ionizing radiation from massive stars that escapes to the intergalactic medium

Autor:	Darach Watson, A. de Ugarte Postigo, Da Xu, Johan P. U. Fynbo, M. Myers, S. D. Vergani, Valerio D'Elia, Luca Izzo, Stefano Covino, Bo Milvang-Jensen, Steve Schulze, P. Goldoni, D. Malesani, P. M. Vreeswijk, Edo Berger, David Alexander Kann, Klaas Wiersema, Christina C. Thöne, Andrew J. Levan, Zach Cano, G. Pugliese, Jens Hjorth, Adriana Gargiulo, R. Sanchez-Ramirez, Kasper E. Heintz, Jonatan Selsing, Ryan Chornock, A. Gomboc, Martin Sparre, Nial R. Tanvir, Antonino Cucchiara, Pall Jakobsson, J. Japelj, Thomas Krühler, Daniel A. Perley, Tanmoy Laskar, G. Tagliaferri, S. B. Cenko, S. Piranomonte, Ralph A. M. J. Wijers, Elizabeth R. Stanway, Lex Kaper, Andrea Rossi
Přispěvatelé:	AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Icelandic Research Fund, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, Netherlands Research School for Astronomy, Sao Paulo Research Foundation, Fundación BBVA, European Research Council, Low Energy Astrophysics (API, FNWI), High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), AstroParticule et Cosmologie ( APC - UMR 7164 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation ( GEPI ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)
Rok vydání:	2019
Předmět:	Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO) [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Astronomy gamma-ray burst: general first stars FOS: Physical sciences Astrophysics Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics 01 natural sciences Luminosity Dark ages reionization first stars 0103 physical sciences ISM [Galaxies] dark ages 010303 astronomy & astrophysics Reionization QC Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics QB Dwarf galaxy Intergalactic medium Physics 010308 nuclear & particles physics Astronomy and Astrophysics Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies Lyman limit Galaxy Redshift 3. Good health general [Gamma-ray burst] Stars Space and Planetary Science Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA) reionization intergalactic medium Gamma-ray burst [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] galaxies: ISM Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Zdroj:	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 483, 4, pp. 5380-5408 Mon.Not.Roy.Astron.Soc. Mon.Not.Roy.Astron.Soc., 2019, 483 (4), pp.5380-5408. ⟨10.1093/mnras/sty3460⟩ Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2019, 483 (4), pp.5380-5408. ⟨10.1093/mnras/sty3460⟩ Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC instname Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 483(4), 5380-5408. Oxford University Press Tanvir, N R, Fynbo, J P U, de Ugarte Postigo, A, Japelj, J, Wiersema, K, Malesani, D, Perley, D A, Levan, A J, Selsing, J, Cenko, S B, Kann, D A, Milvang-Jensen, B, Berger, E, Cano, Z, Chornock, R, Covino, S, Cucchiara, A, D'Elia, V, Gargiulo, A, Goldoni, P, Gomboc, A, Heintz, K E, Hjorth, J, Izzo, L, Jakobsson, P, Kaper, L, Kruehler, T, Laskar, T, Myers, M, Piranomonte, S, Pugliese, G, Rossi, A, Sanchez-Ramirez, R, Schulze, S, Sparre, M, Stanway, E R, Tagliaferri, G, Thoene, C C, Vergani, S, Vreeswijk, P M, Wijers, R A M J, Watson, D & Xu, D 2019, ' The fraction of ionizing radiation from massive stars that escapes to the intergalactic medium ', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 483, no. 4, pp. 5380-5408 . https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty3460 Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 483, 5380-5408
ISSN:	0035-8711 1365-2966
Popis:	Whether stars could have driven the reionization of the intergalactic medium depends critically on the proportion of ionizing radiation that escapes the galaxies in which it is produced. Spectroscopy of gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows can be used to estimate the opacity to extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation along the lines-of-sight to the bursts. Assuming that long-duration GRBs trace the locations of the massive stars dominating EUV production, the average escape fraction of ionizing radiation can be calculated independently of galaxy size or luminosity. Here we present a compilation of H i column density (N HI ) measures for 140 GRBs in the range 1.6 < z < 6.7. Although the sample is heterogeneous, in terms of spectral resolution and signal-to-noise ratio, fits to the Ly α absorption line provide robust constraints on N HI , even for spectra of insufficient quality for other purposes. Thus we establish an escape fraction at the Lyman limit of (f esc ) ≈ 0.005, with a 98 per cent confidence upper limit of (f esc ) ≈ 0.015. This analysis suggests that stars provide a small contribution to the ionizing radiation budget at z < 5. At higher redshifts firm conclusions are limited by the small size of the GRB sample (7/140), but any decline in average H i column density seems to be modest. We also find no significant correlation of N HI with galaxy UV luminosity or host stellar mass. We discuss in some detail potential biases and argue that, while not negligible, systematic errors in f esc are unlikely to be more than a factor ~2 in either direction, and so would not affect the primary conclusions. Given that many GRB hosts are low-metallicity dwarf galaxies with high specific star-formation rates, these results present a particular problem for the hypothesis that such galaxies dominated the reionization of the Universe. © 2018 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. JJ acknowledges support from Nederlandse Onderzoekschool Voor Astronomie(NOVA) and The Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) - The Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) grant for advanced instrumentation in astronomy. KEH acknowledges support by a Project Grant (162948-051) from The Icelandic Research Fund. DAK acknowledges support from the Spanish research project AYA2014-58381-P and Juan de la Cierva Incorporacion IJCI-2015-26153. AJL and ERS acknowledge Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) consolidated grant ST/L000733/1. NRT and KW acknowledge Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) consolidated grant ST/N000757/1. AC acknowledges National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) grant NNX15AP95A. AdUP acknowledges support from a Ramon y Cajal fellowship (RyC-2012-09975), a 2016 Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria (BBVA) Foundation Grant for Researchers and Cultural Creators, and from the Spanish research project AYA 2014-58381-P. RC acknowledges partial support from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Swift grant NNX16AB04G.This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 725246).
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
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