Biological effects of inhaled hydraulic fracturing sand dust. IV. Pulmonary effects
| Autor: | Robert R. Mercer, Michael L. Kashon, Mark Barger, Kristen A. Russ, Jeffrey S. Fedan, Janet A. Thompson, Walter McKinney, Jared L. Cumpston, Richard D. Dey, Jeffrey S. Reynolds, Krishnan Sriram, Dale W. Porter, Vamsi Kodali, Mark Jackson, Thomas P. Batchelor |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Male
0301 basic medicine Pathology medicine.medical_specialty Hysteresivity Vascular permeability Respiratory Mucosa Toxicology Article Rats Sprague-Dawley Contractility 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Sand Occupational Exposure Administration Inhalation medicine Animals Respiratory system Lung Methacholine Chloride Pharmacology Inhalation Exposure Inhalation Hydraulic Fracking Chemistry Dust Epithelial Cells respiratory system Silicon Dioxide Rats Trachea 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Respiratory epithelium Airway |
| Zdroj: | Toxicol Appl Pharmacol |
| ISSN: | 0041-008X |
| Popis: | Hydraulic fracturing creates fissures in subterranean rock to increase the flow and retrieval of natural gas. Sand (“proppant”) in fracking fluid injected into the well bore maintains fissure patency. Fracking sand dust (FSD) is generated during manipulation of sand to prepare the fracking fluid. Containing respirable crystalline silica, FSD could pose hazards similar to those found in work sites where inhalation of silica induces lung disease. This study was performed to evaluate the possible toxic effects following inhalation of a FSD (FSD 8) in the lung and airways. Rats were exposed (6 h/d × 4 d) to 10 or 30 mg/m(3) of FSD 8 collected at a gas well, and measurements were performed 1, 7, 27 and, in one series of experiments, 90 d post-exposure. The following ventilatory and non-ventilatory parameters were measured in vivo and/or in vitro: 1) lung mechanics (respiratory system resistance and elastance, tissue damping, tissue elastance, Newtonian resistance and hysteresivity); 2) airway reactivity to inhaled methacholine (MCh)[lung resistance (R(L)) and compliance (C(dyn))]; airway epithelium integrity (isolated, pefused trachea); airway efferent motor nerve activity (electric field stimulation in vitro); airway smooth muscle contractility; ion transport in intact and cultured epithelium; airway effector and sensory nerves; tracheal particle deposition; and neurogenic inflammation/vascular permeability. FSD 8 was without large effect on most parameters, and was not pro-inflammatory, as judged histologically and in cultured epithelial cells, but increased reactivity to inhaled MCh (R(L) and C(dyn)) at some post-exposure time points and affected ion transport in airway epithelial cells. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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