On Learning Natural-Science Categories That Violate the Family-Resemblance Principle
| Autor: | Alex Gerdom, Bruce J. Douglas, Craig A. Sanders, Robert M. Nosofsky, Mark A. McDaniel |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Patient-Specific Modeling
Equivalence of categories Concept Formation Family resemblance Science education 050105 experimental psychology Discrimination Learning 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Memory Concept learning Similarity (psychology) Natural (music) Humans Learning 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences Students General Psychology Structure (mathematical logic) Interpretation (logic) 05 social sciences Pattern Recognition Visual Psychology Social psychology 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Cognitive psychology |
| Zdroj: | Psychological science. 28(1) |
| ISSN: | 1467-9280 |
| Popis: | The general view in psychological science is that natural categories obey a coherent, family-resemblance principle. In this investigation, we documented an example of an important exception to this principle: Results of a multidimensional-scaling study of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks (Experiment 1) suggested that the structure of these categories is disorganized and dispersed. This finding motivated us to explore what might be the optimal procedures for teaching dispersed categories, a goal that is likely critical to science education in general. Subjects in Experiment 2 learned to classify pictures of rocks into compact or dispersed high-level categories. One group learned the categories through focused high-level training, whereas a second group was required to simultaneously learn classifications at a subtype level. Although high-level training led to enhanced performance when the categories were compact, subtype training was better when the categories were dispersed. We provide an interpretation of the results in terms of an exemplar-memory model of category learning. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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