The red alga Tsunamia transpacifica (Stylonematophyceae) from plastic drift shows adaptation to its uncommon habitat in ultrastructure and soluble low molecular weight carbohydrate composition
| Autor: | Wolfgang Ruth, Christopher D. Goodman, John A. West, Ancuela Andosch, Allison M. L. van de Meene, Ulf Karsten, Ursula Lütz-Meindl, Christina Oppermann, Andreas Holzinger, Sabrina Obwegeser |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
0301 basic medicine Iron Plant Science 01 natural sciences Cell wall 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Extracellular polymeric substance Digeneaside Ecosystem Red algae Chemistry 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology Floridoside Phosphorus Cell Biology General Medicine Cobalt Chloroplast Molecular Weight 030104 developmental biology Freeze substitution Osmolyte Rhodophyta Ultrastructure Biophysics Osmoprotectant Sorbitol Original Article Plastics |
| Zdroj: | Protoplasma |
| ISSN: | 1615-6102 0033-183X |
| Popis: | The recently described red alga Tsunamia transpacifica (Stylonematophyceae) was previously isolated from plastic drift found at the pacific coast, but the natural habitat remains unknown. Here, we investigate ultrastructural details and the low molecular weight soluble carbohydrate composition to get further insight into the adaptation to this uncommon habitat. By means of high pressure freeze fixation, followed by freeze substitution, we could detect an up to 2-µm-thick cell wall surrounded by a distinct layer of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), likely responsible for the adhering capacities of Tsunamia. The central position of the nucleus and multilobed parietal chloroplast, already observed by light microscopy, could be confirmed. The ultrastructure revealed large electron-dense bodies (EB) in the central cytoplasm, likely resembling degradation products of the chloroplast. Interestingly, these structures contained phosphorous and cobalt, and iron was found in smaller rounded electron-dense bodies by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Accumulation of these elements suggests a high biosorption activity of Tsunamia. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS) data showed the presence of two heterosides (floridoside and digeneaside) together with the polyol sorbitol, which are known as organic osmolytes and compatible solutes. Taken together, these are the first observations on ultrastructural details, element storage and accumulation of protective compounds are contributing to our understanding of the ultrastructural and osmotic solute basis for the ability of Tsunamia to thrive on plastic surfaces. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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