Illicit Drugs, Metabolites and Adulterants in Wastewater: Monitoring Community Drug Abuse in the Brazilian Federal District during the 2014 Soccer World Cup
| Autor: | Adriano O. Maldaner, Fernando F. Sodré, Rafael S. Feitosa, Gustavo B. Souza, Carlos Eduardo B. Pereira |
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| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
Drug
media_common.quotation_subject Metabolite drug use estimates cocaine adulterants 010501 environmental sciences Pharmacology Copa do mundo (Futebol) 01 natural sciences chemistry.chemical_compound wastewater-based drug epidemiology Free base cocaine medicine Crack cocaine smoked cocaine 0105 earth and related environmental sciences media_common Uso de drogas business.industry 010401 analytical chemistry General Chemistry Levamisole medicine.disease Cocaína 0104 chemical sciences Substance abuse chemistry Wastewater Phenacetin FIFA World Cup business medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society v.28 n.11 2017 Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society Sociedade Brasileira de Química (SBQ) instacron:SBQ Repositório Institucional da UnB Universidade de Brasília (UnB) instacron:UNB Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, Volume: 28, Issue: 11, Pages: 2146-2154, Published: NOV 2017 |
| ISSN: | 0103-5053 |
| Popis: | A multiresidue method was developed to estimate community drug use during two weekends of the 2014 Soccer World Cup via wastewater analyses. Five of the 16 investigated substances were detected in all eight samples. Benzoilecgonine (BE), the major cocaine metabolite, was the most abundant substance (1.9 ± 0.3 to 4.2 ± 0.2 μg L-1) followed by anhydroecgonine (AE) (1.5 ± 0.2 to 2.6 ± 0.2 μg L-1), phenacetin (PHE) (0.62 ± 0.06 to 1.3 ± 0.1 μg L-1), levamisole (LEV) (0.5 ± 0.2 to 1.23 ± 0.09 μg L-1), and cocaine (COC) (0.46 ± 0.07 to 0.8 ± 0.1 μg L-1). COC and BE levels suggested a human consumption origin for the investigated drugs. AE/BE ratios revealed a significant use of smoked crack/free base cocaine. Relationships between the adulterants PHE and LEV evidenced a higher use of crack cocaine in the South-Wing WWTP region. An estimative for cocaine use revealed slightly higher drug consumption during the Soccer World Cup weekends in comparison with a typical weekend in 2012. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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