Measured consumption of tap water in German infants and young children as background for potential health risk assessments: data of the DONALD Study
| Autor: | Mathilde Kersting, W. Sichert-Hellert, A. Hilbig |
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| Rok vydání: | 2002 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Population Drinking Environmental pollution Toxicology Body weight Risk Assessment Diet Records Tap water Water Supply Environmental protection Germany Environmental health Humans Medicine Water intake Risk factor Health risk education education.field_of_study Nitrates business.industry Body Weight Age Factors Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Infant General Chemistry Breast Feeding Lead Chemistry (miscellaneous) Child Preschool Environmental Pollutants Female Infant Food business Food Science |
| Zdroj: | Food Additives and Contaminants. 19:829-836 |
| ISSN: | 0265-203X |
| Popis: | Contaminated tap water can become a health risk, e.g. by metals or environmental pollution particularly for sensitive population groups such as infants and young children. There is a lack of data on exactly measured water intake. In the DONALD Study, individual food and fluid intakes were measured by use of 3-day weighed diet records. Here we report on the distribution of individual intakes of tap water in 504 healthy normally nourished subjects aged 3-36 months (1962 diet records) between 1990 and 1998. We calculate scenarios for potential tap water contamination. Tap water intake per kg body weight was significantly higher in formula-fed (FF) infants than in breast-fed (BF) infants. The estimated median intake of lead and nitrate per kg body weight from tap water was higher in FF infants than in BF infants or mixed fed (MF) young children. The scenarios based on intakes at the median, P95 or maximums show that higher risks for exceeding the presently existing maximums could be expected in FF infants. Our data could also be used for estimations of potential risks from other contaminants of tap water. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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