Trail Making Test Normative Data for the German Older Population
| Autor: | Andreas Stang, Christian Weimar, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Sarah Sanchez Hoffmann, Michael Specka, Bernd Kowall, Martha Jokisch, Norbert Scherbaum |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2022 |
| Předmět: |
050103 clinical psychology
Trail Making Test Population Medizin Neuropsychological Tests 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Reference Values medicine Dementia Humans 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences Cognitive Dysfunction education education.field_of_study 05 social sciences General Medicine Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale medicine.disease Mental Status and Dementia Tests Educational attainment Psychiatry and Mental health Clinical Psychology Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology Categorization Normative Psychology Neurocognitive 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Demography |
| Popis: | Objective We provide normative data for the Trail Making Test (TMT)-A and B and the derived scores B − A and B/A, for the German general population aged 57–84 years. Methods Data were derived from the third examination of the population-based Heinz Nixdorf Recall study. We excluded participants with a history of dementia or stroke, a depression score above cutoff (CES-D Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score ≥ 18), or mild cognitive impairment according to a neurocognitive test battery. The normative sample (n = 2,182) was stratified by age, using the interval superposition approach, and by three levels of educational attainment (up to 10 years of schooling; >10 years of schooling; and university degree). Results We tabulated test performance scores at percentage rank thresholds 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 50, 75, and 90. In multiple linear regression, TMT-A performance declined by 1 s each year of life, and TMT-B performance by 3 s; educational level had an impact of up to 30 s in TMT-B. TMT-B/A was only weakly associated with age and education. TMT-B and B − A correlated r = 0.96. Completion of the TMT-B within the time limit of 300 s was not achieved by 10.9% of participants >74 years, and especially by those >74 years who were on the lowest educational level (13.9%). Conclusions For TMT-A, TMT-B, and B − A, the narrow age categorization and distinction between three educational levels proved meaningful. The 300 s limit for the TMT-B impedes the identification of thresholds for very low performance in this age group and needs reconsideration. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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