Effect of Purification Methods on Commercially Available Cellulose Nanocrystal Properties and TEMPO Oxidation
| Autor: | Sisira Saraswatula, Manali Banerjee, Blair K. Brettmann, Anna Williams |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Materials science
purification Bioengineering 02 engineering and technology lcsh:Chemical technology 010402 general chemistry 01 natural sciences Nanocellulose lcsh:Chemistry chemistry.chemical_compound Zeta potential Acetone Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous) lcsh:TP1-1185 Cellulose nanocellulose TEMPO oxidation Process Chemistry and Technology 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology cellulose 0104 chemical sciences lcsh:QD1-999 chemistry Chemical engineering Nanocrystal Compatibility (mechanics) Surface modification Acid hydrolysis 0210 nano-technology surface modification |
| Zdroj: | Processes Volume 8 Issue 6 Processes, Vol 8, Iss 698, p 698 (2020) |
| ISSN: | 2227-9717 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/pr8060698 |
| Popis: | Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are attractive for use in polymer composites, biomedical applications, and barrier packaging. In all of these applications they are mixed with other components and compatibility is a major design consideration, as CNCs naturally have a high density of surface hydroxyl groups and primarily disperse well in polar media. Numerous surface modification approaches have been used to address these issues, but challenges remain due to the variability in the commercially available CNC materials. CNCs can be produced from biomass using several extraction methods, most notably acid hydrolysis and biomass extraction, also known as the American Value Added Pulping process. The production method of the CNC material has an impact on both physical and surface properties of CNCs, including size, shape, crystal structure, and zeta potential. In addition, post-treatments can be used to purify the CNC material and further alter these properties. This work studies the properties of CNCs from three different commercial suppliers and after conducting three different post-treatments: dialysis, Soxhlet extraction, and acetone washing to understand the effect of the commercial source and purification on CNC surface properties and modification via 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO) mediated oxidation. We show that there is significant variation in CNC physical and surface properties between different commercial suppliers before and after purification. Importantly, we show that for CNCs produced through acid hydrolysis, acetone washing or Soxhlet extraction in ethanol decreases the achievable degree of TEMPO modification, but makes it more consistent between the different commercial suppliers. This has important implications for improving reproducibility in CNC research as well as aiding the expanding fields of applications. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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