Epidemiological and entomological studies of a malaria outbreak among French armed forces deployed at illegal gold mining sites reveal new aspects of the disease's transmission in French Guiana

Autor: Aissata Dia, Alexandre Mendibil, Isabelle Dusfour, Frédéric Pagès, Xavier Deparis, Fabrice Simon, Marie Mura, Sébastien Briolant, Romain Girod, Vincent Pommier de Santi, Félix Djossou
Přispěvatelé: Centre d'épidémiologie et de santé publique des armées [Marseille] (CESPA), Service de Santé des Armées, Direction Interarmées du Service de Santé [Cayenne, Guyane française], Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Direction Interarmées du Service de Santé en Guyane, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Service de Pathologie Infectieuse et Tropicale [HIA Laveran, Marseille], Hôpital d'instruction des armées Laveran, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U912 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), COMBE, Isabelle
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2016
Předmět:
Zdroj: Malaria Journal
Malaria Journal, 2016, 15, ⟨10.1186/s12936-016-1088-x⟩
Malaria Journal, BioMed Central, 2016, 15, ⟨10.1186/s12936-016-1088-x⟩
ISSN: 1475-2875
DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1088-x⟩
Popis: International audience; Background: In December 2010, a Plasmodium vivax malaria outbreak occurred among French forces involved in a mission to control illegal gold mining in French Guiana. The findings of epidemiological and entomological investigations conducted after this outbreak are presented here. Methods: Data related to malaria cases reported to the French armed forces epidemiological surveillance system were collected during the epidemic period from December 2010 to April 2011. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to identify presumed contamination sites. Anopheles mosquitoes were sampled at the identified sites using Mosquito Magnet and CDC light traps. Specimens were identified morphologically and confirmed using molecular methods (sequencing of ITS2 gene and/or barcoding). Anopheles infections with Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax were tested by both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time PCR. Results: Seventy-two P. vivax malaria cases were reported (three were mixed P. falciparum/P. vivax infections), leading to a global attack rate of 26.5 % (72/272). Lack of compliance with vector control measures and doxycycline chemoprophylaxis was reported by patients. Two illegal gold mining sites located in remote areas in the primary forest were identified as places of contamination. In all, 595 Anopheles females were caught and 528 specimens were formally identified: 305 Anopheles darlingi, 145 Anopheles nuneztovari s. l., 63 Anopheles marajoara and 15 Anopheles triannulatus s. l. Three An. darlingi were infected by P. falciparum (infection rate: 1.1 %) and four An. marajoara by P. vivax (infection rate: 6.4 %). Discussion: The main drivers of the outbreak were the lack of adherence by military personnel to malaria prevention measures and the high level of malaria transmission at illegal gold mining sites. Anopheles marajoara was clearly implicated in malaria transmission for the first time in French Guiana. The high infection rates observed confirm that illegal gold mining sites must be considered as high level malaria transmission areas in the territory. Conclusions: Illegal gold mining activities are challenging the control of malaria in French Guiana. Collaboration with neighbouring countries is necessary to take into account mobile populations such as gold miners. Malaria control strategies in the French armed forces must be adapted to P. vivax malaria and sylvatic Anopheles species.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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