Direct evidence of extensive diversity of HIV-1 in Kinshasa by 1960
| Autor: | Tamara S. Haselkorn, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Michael Bunce, Jean Jacques Muyembe, Steven M. Wolinsky, Dirk E. Teuwen, Marlea Gemmel, Eric Van Marck, Kevin J. Kunstman, Raphael M. Kalengayi, Jean Marie M. Kabongo, Michael Worobey |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2008 |
| Předmět: |
Most recent common ancestor
Adult Male Canada Sequence analysis Molecular Sequence Data Genomics HIV Infections Biology Article Evolution Molecular Phylogenetics Humans Molecular clock Phylogeny Genetics Multidisciplinary Paraffin Embedding Phylogenetic tree Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Genetic Variation Microtomy Sequence Analysis DNA History 20th Century Viral evolution Democratic Republic of the Congo HIV-1 Female Viral disease Human medicine |
| Zdroj: | Nature |
| ISSN: | 0028-0836 |
| Popis: | Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) sequences that pre-date the recognition of AIDS are critical to defining the time of origin and the timescale of virus evolution. A viral sequence from 1959 (ZR59) is the oldest known HIV-1 infection. Other historically documented sequences, important calibration points to convert evolutionary distance into time, are lacking, however; ZR59 is the only one sampled before 1976. Here we report the amplification and characterization of viral sequences from a Bouin's-fixed paraffin-embedded lymph node biopsy specimen obtained in 1960 from an adult female in Leopoldville, Belgian Congo (now Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)), and we use them to conduct the first comparative evolutionary genetic study of early pre-AIDS epidemic HIV-1 group M viruses. Phylogenetic analyses position this viral sequence (DRC60) closest to the ancestral node of subtype A (excluding A2). Relaxed molecular clock analyses incorporating DRC60 and ZR59 date the most recent common ancestor of the M group to near the beginning of the twentieth century. The sizeable genetic distance between DRC60 and ZR59 directly demonstrates that diversification of HIV-1 in west-central Africa occurred long before the recognized AIDS pandemic. The recovery of viral gene sequences from decades-old paraffin-embedded tissues opens the door to a detailed palaeovirological investigation of the evolutionary history of HIV-1 that is not accessible by other methods. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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