Superior vena cava obstruction: a venographic classification
| Autor: | L C Chiu, S Ell, H Jolles, W Stanford |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 1987 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male medicine.medical_specialty Superior Vena Cava Syndrome Superior vena cava Complete obstruction medicine Humans Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging cardiovascular diseases Aged business.industry General Medicine Blood flow Phlebography Middle Aged medicine.disease Surgery Airway Compromise Stenosis medicine.anatomical_structure Bypass surgery cardiovascular system Right atrium Female Radiology Azygos vein business |
| Zdroj: | AJR. American journal of roentgenology. 148(2) |
| ISSN: | 0361-803X |
| Popis: | Analysis of venacavograms in 27 patients with superior vena caval obstruction revealed the following four patterns of venous collateral return: type I, partial obstruction (up to 90% stenosis) of the superior vena cava with patency of the azygos vein; type II, near-complete to complete obstruction (90-100%) of the superior vena cava with patency and antegrade flow through the azygos vein and into the right atrium; type III, near-complete to complete obstruction (90-100%) of the superior vena cava with reversal of azygos blood flow; type IV, complete obstruction of the superior vena cava and one or more of the major caval tributaries, including the azygos system. These patterns correlate well with the patients' clinical courses and can be used to identify patients who are at risk of developing cerebral and airway compromise and therefore would benefit from superior vena cava bypass surgery. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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