Playground lead levels in rubber, soil, sand, and mulch surfaces in Boston

Autor: May K. Woo, Nicholas J. Arisco, Gary Adamkiewicz, Khaled S. Almansour, Anna S. Young, Jaime E. Hart
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2019
Předmět:
Metallic Lead
Polymers
010501 environmental sciences
Soil Chemistry
01 natural sciences
Biochemistry
law.invention
Families
Soil
0302 clinical medicine
Mathematical and Statistical Techniques
law
Medicine and Health Sciences
Public and Occupational Health
Materials
Children
Multidisciplinary
Statistics
Soil chemistry
Wood
Socioeconomic Aspects of Health
Chemistry
Macromolecules
Elastomers
visual_art
Physical Sciences
Blood Chemistry
visual_art.visual_art_medium
Regression Analysis
Medicine
Research Article
Chemical Elements
Waste tires
Science
Materials Science
Soil Science
Linear Regression Analysis
Research and Analysis Methods
03 medical and health sciences
Natural rubber
Environmental Chemistry
Statistical Methods
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Material type
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Environmental engineering
Vulcanization
Biology and Life Sciences
030229 sport sciences
Polymer Chemistry
Play and Playthings
Health Care
Blood chemistry
Lead
Age Groups
People and Places
Environmental Justice
Environmental science
Population Groupings
Rubber
Mulch
Mathematics
Boston
Zdroj: PLoS ONE, Vol 14, Iss 4, p e0216156 (2019)
PLoS ONE
ISSN: 1932-6203
Popis: Rubber surfacing is often used in playgrounds due to its potential injury prevention benefits and as a way to recycle waste tires. Available research on chemicals in recycled rubber has focused on synthetic turf applications, but is limited for playground rubber surfacing. Potential lead contamination from vulcanizing agents used in rubber surfacing are a possible concern; however this has not been researched. We examined levels of lead in poured-in-place rubber and compared them to levels in soil, sand, and wood mulch materials from 28 randomly selected playgrounds in Boston, MA, USA using X-ray fluorescence. To evaluate the association between material type and lead concentrations, we conducted a two-way ANOVA with repeated measures and built a linear regression model controlling for distance to major roadway, neighborhood-level status as an environmental justice area, peeling paint on the playground, and rubber condition. Average lead levels were 65.7 μg/g for soil, 22.0 μg/g for rubber, 8.5 μg/g for sand, and 9.0 μg/g for mulch. Our finding of lower concentrations of lead in sand and mulch compared to rubber and soil should be used to inform playground design to optimize children’s health, alongside other chemical and safety considerations.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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