Adaptive Developmental Delay in Chagas Disease Vectors: An Evolutionary Ecology Approach

Autor: M. Ginoux, Frédéric Menu, Etienne Rajon, Jorge E. Rabinovich, Claudio R. Lazzari
Přispěvatelé: Evolution, adaptation et comportement, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evaluation et modélisation des effets thérapeutiques, Département biostatistiques et modélisation pour la santé et l'environnement [LBBE], Institut de recherche sur la biologie de l'insecte UMR7261 (IRBI), Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro de Estudios Parasitologicos y de Vectores [La Plata] (CEPAVE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de la Plata [Argentine] (UNLP)-Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas [Buenos Aires] (CIC), ANR-08-MIEN-0007,EcoEpi,Ecologie et physiologie comportementale des insectes vecteurs de la maladie de Chagas en relation avec la dynamique des souches du pathogène.(2008), Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Nacional de la Plata [Argentine] (UNLP)-Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas [Buenos Aires] (CIC)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)
Rok vydání: 2010
Předmět:
0106 biological sciences
lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine
Time Factors
lcsh:RC955-962
Enfermedad de Chagas
Climate
030231 tropical medicine
Population
Adaptation
Biological
Public Health and Epidemiology
Zoology
Evolutionary Biology/Evolutionary Ecology
Disease Vectors
Diapause
010603 evolutionary biology
01 natural sciences
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Ecology/Evolutionary Ecology
Ciencias Naturales
Animals
Chagas Disease
education
Triatominae
education.field_of_study
Phenotypic plasticity
Insectos Vectores
biology
Mechanism (biology)
lcsh:Public aspects of medicine
Public Health
Environmental and Occupational Health
lcsh:RA1-1270
Models
Theoretical
biology.organism_classification
Ninfa
Infectious Diseases
Instar
[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie
Evolutionary ecology
Adaptation
Research Article
Zdroj: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, 2010, 4 (5), pp.e691. ⟨10.1371/journal.pntd.0000691⟩
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 4, Iss 5, p e691 (2010)
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2010, 4 (5), pp.e691. ⟨10.1371/journal.pntd.0000691⟩
SEDICI (UNLP)
Universidad Nacional de La Plata
instacron:UNLP
ISSN: 1935-2735
1935-2727
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000691
Popis: Background The developmental time of vector insects is important in population dynamics, evolutionary biology, epidemiology and in their responses to global climatic change. In the triatomines (Triatominae, Reduviidae), vectors of Chagas disease, evolutionary ecology concepts, which may allow for a better understanding of their biology, have not been applied. Despite delay in the molting in some individuals observed in triatomines, no effort was made to explain this variability. Methodology We applied four methods: (1) an e-mail survey sent to 30 researchers with experience in triatomines, (2) a statistical description of the developmental time of eleven triatomine species, (3) a relationship between development time pattern and climatic inter-annual variability, (4) a mathematical optimization model of evolution of developmental delay (diapause). Principal Findings 85.6% of responses informed on prolonged developmental times in 5th instar nymphs, with 20 species identified with remarkable developmental delays. The developmental time analysis showed some degree of bi-modal pattern of the development time of the 5th instars in nine out of eleven species but no trend between development time pattern and climatic inter-annual variability was observed. Our optimization model predicts that the developmental delays could be due to an adaptive risk-spreading diapause strategy, only if survival throughout the diapause period and the probability of random occurrence of “bad” environmental conditions are sufficiently high. Conclusions/Significance Developmental delay may not be a simple non-adaptive phenotypic plasticity in development time, and could be a form of adaptive diapause associated to a physiological mechanism related to the postponement of the initiation of reproduction, as an adaptation to environmental stochasticity through a spreading of risk (bet-hedging) strategy. We identify a series of parameters that can be measured in the field and laboratory to test this hypothesis. The importance of these findings is discussed in terms of global climatic change and epidemiological consequences.
Author Summary The developmental time of vector insects is important to their population dynamics, evolutionary biology, epidemiology of the diseases they transmit, and to their responses to global climatic change. In various triatomine species vectors of Chagas disease (Triatominae, Reduviidae), a delay in the molt of a small proportion of individuals has been observed, and from an evolutionary ecology approach, we propose the hypothesis that the developmental delay is an adaptation to environmental stochasticity through a spreading of risk (bet-hedging) diapause strategy. We confirmed, by means of a survey among specialists, the existence of the developmental delay in triatomines. Statistical descriptions of the developmental time of 11 species of triatomines showed some degree of bi-modality in nine of them. We predicted by means of an optimization model which genotype, coding for a given frequency of developmental diapause, is expected to evolve. We identified a series of parameters that can be measured in the field and in the laboratory to test the hypothesis of an optimal diapause frequency. We also discuss the importance of these findings for triatomines in terms of global climatic change and epidemiological consequences such as their resistance to insecticides.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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