Neurogliogenesis in the mature olfactory system: A possible protective role against infection and toxic dust

Autor: Ti-Fei Yuan, Sergei Karnup, Elena Loseva
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2008
Předmět:
Olfactory system
MCL
mitral cell layer
EPL
external plexiform layer
VEGF
vesicular endothelial growth factor
PgCs
progenitor cells
Adult neurogenesis
BrdU
bromodeoxyuridine
Olfactory bulb
M
mitral cells
Microglia
INF
interferon
OB
olfactory bulb
General Neuroscience
Neurogenesis
LIF
leukemia inhibitory factor
SGZ
subgranular zone
Cell Differentiation
medicine.anatomical_structure
Virus Diseases
ON
olfactory nerve
Inflammation Mediators
Neuroglia
Interneuron
GL
glomerular layer
Central nervous system
Neurotoxins
Subventricular zone
NSCs
neuronal stem cells
SVZ
subventricular zone
GR
granule cells
Biology
CNS
central nervous system
Article
T
medium and deep tufted cells
medicine
RMS
rostral migratory stream
Animals
Humans
Neurons
Afferent
ET
external tufted cells
GRL
granule cell layer
Gliogenesis
SEL
subependimal layer
PG
periglomerular cells
IPL
internal plexiform layer
Immunity
Innate
IL
interleukin
Viral infection
ONL
olfactory nerve layer
Neurology (clinical)
Toxic dust
Neuroscience
Zdroj: Brain Research Reviews
ISSN: 1872-6321
0165-0173
Popis: The outpost position of the olfactory bulb (OB) between the direct inputs from sensory neurons of the nasal epithelium and other parts of the brain suggests its highest vulnerability among all brain structures to penetration of exogenous agents. A number of neurotropic viruses have been found to invade the brain through the OB. There is growing evidence that microscopic particles of toxic dusts can propagate from the nasal epithelium to the OB and further into the brain. These harmful agents impair cellular elements of the brain. Apparently, cells in the OB are the most affected, as they are the first to encounter viral infections and toxic particles. It is well known that neuronal and glial progenitors are continuously generated from neuronal stem cells in the subventricular zone of the adult brain and then migrate predominantly into the OB. Therefore, it is feasible to suggest that substitution of injured or dead cells in the OB by new-born neurons, differentiating from progenitors, plays a role in protecting the OB neuronal microcircuits from destruction. Furthermore, some cytokines and chemokines released in response to infection and/or intoxication can modulate different stages of neurogenesis (proliferation, migration, and differentiation). We hypothesize that continuous neurogenesis in the olfactory system throughout adulthood evolved as a protective mechanism to prevent impairment of the most ancient but vitally important sensory system. In addition, differentiation of a substantial portion of progenitors to glial cells, including macrophages and microglia, may create an additional barrier to exogenous agents on their way deep to the brain.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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