Acute Respiratory Diseases and Carboxyhemoglobin Status in School Children of Quito, Ecuador
| Autor: | Ximena Narváez, Miguel Gutiérrez, María Teresa Reyes, Ramiro Estrella, Bertha Estrella, Elena N. Naumova, Jorge Oviedo |
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| Rok vydání: | 2005 |
| Předmět: |
Male
acute respiratory infections Pediatrics medicine.medical_specialty Urban Population Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis carbon monoxide exposure traffic-related pollution chemistry.chemical_compound children Environmental health medicine Humans Prospective Studies Respiratory system Heavy traffic Child Respiratory Tract Infections Vehicle Emissions Air Pollutants Carbon Monoxide Respiratory tract infections business.industry Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Traffic related pollution Environmental Exposure Articles Environmental exposure Carbon monoxide exposure Carboxyhemoglobin chemistry Acute Disease Children's Health Female Ecuador business Vehicular Emissions |
| Zdroj: | Environmental Health Perspectives |
| ISSN: | 1552-9924 0091-6765 |
| DOI: | 10.1289/ehp.7494 |
| Popis: | Outdoor carbon monoxide comes mainly from vehicular emissions, and high concentrations occur in areas with heavy traffic congestion. CO binds to hemoglobin, forming carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), and reduces oxygen delivery. We investigated the link between the adverse effects of CO on the respiratory system using COHb as a marker for chronic CO exposure. We examined the relationship between acute respiratory infections (ARIs) and COHb concentrations in school-age children living in urban and suburban areas of Quito, Ecuador. We selected three schools located in areas with different traffic intensities and enrolled 960 children. To adjust for potential confounders we conducted a detailed survey. In a random subsample of 295 children, we determined that average COHb concentrations were significantly higher in children attending schools in areas with high and moderate traffic, compared with the low-traffic area. The percentage of children with COHb concentrations above the safe level of 2.5% were 1, 43, and 92% in low-, moderate-, and high-traffic areas, respectively. Children with COHb above the safe level are 3.25 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.65–6.38] times more likely to have ARI than children with COHb < 2.5%. Furthermore, with each percent increase in COHb above the safety level, children are 1.15 (95% CI, 1.03–1.28) times more likely to have an additional case of ARI. Our findings provide strong evidence of the relation between CO exposure and susceptibility to respiratory infections. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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