Association between heavy precipitation events and waterborne outbreaks in four Nordic countries, 1992-2012
| Autor: | Birgitte Freiesleben de Blasio, Bertrand Sudre, Caroline Schönning, Steen Ethelberg, Jaime Martinez-Urtaza, Anneli Carlander, Jan C. Semenza, Emily MacDonald, Bernardo Rafael Guzmán Herrador, Linda Trönnberg, Margareta Löfdahl, Vidar Lund, Karin Nygård, Line Vold, Markku Kuusi, Gordon Nichols, Hans Olav Hygen |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Microbiology (medical)
medicine.medical_specialty Rain 010501 environmental sciences Scandinavian and Nordic Countries 01 natural sciences Disease Outbreaks 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Environmental health Snow Epidemiology Waterborne Diseases medicine Humans 030212 general & internal medicine Precipitation Waste Management and Disposal 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Water Science and Technology Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Outbreak Policy planning Infectious Diseases Geography Climatology Case-Control Studies Waterborne pathogen Conditional logistic regression Onset date |
| Zdroj: | Journal of water and health. 14(6) |
| ISSN: | 1477-8920 |
| Popis: | We conducted a matched case-control study to examine the association between heavy precipitation events and waterborne outbreaks (WBOs) by linking epidemiological registries and meteorological data between 1992 and 2012 in four Nordic countries. Heavy precipitation events were defined by above average (exceedance) daily rainfall during the preceding weeks using local references. We performed conditional logistic regression using the four previous years as the controls. Among WBOs with known onset date (n = 89), exceedance rainfall on two or more days was associated with occurrence of outbreak, OR = 3.06 (95% CI 1.38–6.78), compared to zero exceedance days. Stratified analyses revealed a significant association with single household water supplies, ground water as source and for outbreaks occurring during spring and summer. These findings were reproduced in analyses including all WBOs with known outbreak month (n = 186). The vulnerability of single households to WBOs associated with heavy precipitation events should be communicated to homeowners and implemented into future policy planning to reduce the risk of waterborne illness. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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