Characteristics and Reach Equity of Policies Restricting Flavored Tobacco Product Sales in the United States
| Autor: | Brittany Carnegie, Adam F. Benson, Michael S. Amato, Yitong Zhou, Lauren Czaplicki, Julia Cen Chen-Sankey, Andrew Anesetti-Rothermel, Maham Akbar, Shyanika W. Rose, Randall Simpson, Barbara A. Schillo, Stacey Younger Gagosian, Zeinab Safi |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Nursing (miscellaneous)
Article 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Sex Factors Ethnicity Humans 030212 general & internal medicine Minority Groups 030505 public health Tobacco control Racial Groups Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Equity (finance) Age Factors Advertising Tobacco Products Health equity United States Sexual minority Flavoring Agents Socioeconomic Factors Income Business 0305 other medical science Tobacco product |
| Zdroj: | Health Promot Pract |
| Popis: | In 2009, flavored cigarettes (except menthol) were banned in the United States, but other flavored tobacco products (FTPs) were allowed. Women, populations of color, youth, sexual minority, and low–socioeconomic status populations disproportionately use FTPs. Localities have passed sales restrictions on FTPs that may reduce disparities if vulnerable populations are reached. This study assessed the extent to which FTP restrictions reached these subgroups (“reach equity”). We identified 189 U.S. jurisdictions with FTP policies as of December 31, 2018. We linked jurisdictions with demographics of race/ethnicity, gender, age, partnered same-sex households and household poverty, and stratified by policy strength. We calculated Reach Ratios (ReRas) to assess reach equity among subgroups covered by FTP policies relative to their U.S. population representation. Flavor policies covered 6.3% of the U.S. population (20 million individuals) across seven states; 0.9% were covered by strong policies (12.7% of policies). ReRas indicated favorable reach equity to young adults, women, Hispanics, African Americans, Asians, partnered same-sex households, and those living below poverty. Youth, American Indians/Alaska Natives (AIAN) and Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders (NHPI) were underrepresented. Strong policies had favorable reach equity to young adults, those living below poverty, Asians, NHPIs, individuals of 2+ races, and partnered same-sex households, but unfavorable reach equity to women, youth, Hispanic, AIAN, and African American populations. U.S. flavor policies have greater reach to many, but not all, subgroups at risk of FTP use. Increased enactment of strong policies to populations not covered by flavor policies is warranted to ensure at-risk subgroups sufficiently benefit. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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