Extrafloral nectar secretion from wounds of Solanum dulcamara
| Autor: | Nicole M. van Dam, Jens Schwachtje, Anke Steppuhn, Joachim Kopka, Marlene Böhlke, Onno W Calf, Susanne Kosanke, Daniel Geuß, Tobias Lortzing |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
Forage (honey bee) Plant Nectar Solanum dulcamara Molecular Plant Physiology Plant Science Solanum 010603 evolutionary biology 01 natural sciences Ecogenomics Symbiosis Botany Animals Nectar Herbivory Flea beetle Herbivore integumentary system biology Ants Chemotaxis fungi food and beverages Nectar secretion biology.organism_classification Coleoptera Natural population growth Larva Predatory Behavior 010606 plant biology & botany |
| Zdroj: | Nature Plants, 2, 6-12 Nature Plants, 2, 5, pp. 6-12 |
| ISSN: | 2055-026X |
| Popis: | Plants usually close wounds rapidly to prevent infections and the loss of valuable resources such as assimilates(1). However, herbivore-inflicted wounds on the bittersweet nightshade Solanum dulcamara appear not to close completely and produce sugary wound secretions visible as droplets. Many plants across the plant kingdom secrete sugary nectar from extrafloral nectaries(2) to attract natural enemies of herbivores for indirect defence(3,4). As ants forage on wound edges of S. dulcamara in the field, we hypothesized that wound secretions are a form of extrafloral nectar (EFN). We show that, unlike EFN from known nectaries, wound secretions are neither associated with any specific structure nor restricted to certain locations. However, similar to EFN, they are jasmonate-inducible and the plant controls their chemical composition. Wound secretions are attractive for ants, and application of wound secretion mimics increases ant attraction and reduces herbivory on S. dulcamara plants in a natural population. In greenhouse experiments, we reveal that ants can defend S. dulcamara from two of its native herbivores, slugs and flea beetle larvae. Since nectar is defined by its ecological function as a sugary secretion involved in interactions with animals(5), such 'plant bleeding' could be a primitive mode of nectar secretion exemplifying an evolutionary origin of structured extrafloral nectaries. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|