Fate of selected pharmaceuticals in river waters
| Autor: | Elisa Padovano, Claudio Minero, Paola Calza, Claudio Medana, Valeria Rachele Giancotti |
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| Rok vydání: | 2012 |
| Předmět: |
Carbamazepine
Clarithromycin Intermediates Lincomycin Orbitrap Anti-Bacterial Agents Anticonvulsants Chromatography High Pressure Liquid Environmental Monitoring Italy Mass Spectrometry Photolysis Rivers Water Pollutants Chemical Water Pollution Chemical Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Antiepileptic drug Chemical River water medicine Environmental Chemistry Ecotoxicology Water Pollutants Chromatography Aqueous solution Chemistry Water Pollution General Medicine Pollution High Pressure Liquid Environmental chemistry medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 20:2262-2270 |
| ISSN: | 1614-7499 0944-1344 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s11356-012-1097-4 |
| Popis: | The aqueous environmental fate of two antibiotics, lincomycin and clarithromycin, and an antiepileptic drug, carbamazepine, was investigated by monitoring drugs decomposition and identifying intermediates in Po river water (North Italy). Initially, control experiments in the dark and under illumination were performed on river water spiked with drugs to simulate all possible transformation processes occurring in the aquatic system. Under illumination, these pharmaceuticals were degraded and transformed into numerous organic intermediate compounds. Several species were formed and characterised by analysing MS and MS n spectra and by comparison with parent molecule fragmentation pathways. River water was sampled at three sampling points in an urban area. The selected pharmaceuticals were detected in all samples. Eight transformation products identified in the laboratory simulation were found in natural river water from carbamazepine degradation, three from clarithromycin and two from lincomycin. Their transformation occurring in aquatic system mainly involved mono- and poly-hydroxylation followed by oxidation of the hydroxyl groups. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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