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The species of theChaetosphaeriaceae(Chaetosphaeriales,Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) are microscopic asexually reproducing fungi, some of which belong to the life cycle of sexual morphs with macroscopic fruit bodies (~300μmdiam) perceptible as “black dots” on the surface of decaying plants. They are invisible to most of the people and difficult to find even by a trained eye. In addition, they are usually hard to cultivate and slow growing, what make them difficult to study. Traditionally, they are reported from the decaying plant matter in the forest habitat and some exhibitendophyticlifestyle . Surprisingly, analysis ofmetabarcodingdata showed that they are also common soil fungi, dwelling in a bulk soil in grasslands and croplands. There are about 44 genera classified into this family with monographs available for several genera, but with very little knowledge about their biology. Studies showed thatChaetosphaeriaceaemembers are important degraders of lignocellulose in wood, litter and soil and have rich structural diversity of natural compounds (e.g.terpenoids, cyclic peptides,naphthoquinones,lactones,lipopeptides,xanthones). Three unpublished and unannotated draft genomes ofChaetosphaeriaceaeare available (1000 fungal genome project). Nevertheless, the information about the genetic background of the basic pathways is missing in this fungal lineage. The same is true for the wholeChaetosphaeriales. Our study is filling this gap using analysis of genomes from 16 species. |
