Retracing your footsteps: developmental insights to spinal network plasticity following injury
| Autor: | Patrick J. Whelan, Kyle A. Mayr, Céline Jean-Xavier, Adam P. Lognon, Simon A. Sharples |
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| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Neuronal Plasticity Physiology Neurogenesis General Neuroscience Review Plasticity Biology Spinal cord Synaptic Transmission 03 medical and health sciences 030104 developmental biology 0302 clinical medicine medicine.anatomical_structure Spinal Cord Sensory afferents medicine Animals Humans Gait Neuroscience Spinal Cord Injuries 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Neurophysiology. 119:521-536 |
| ISSN: | 1522-1598 0022-3077 |
| DOI: | 10.1152/jn.00575.2017 |
| Popis: | During development of the spinal cord, a precise interaction occurs between descending projections and sensory afferents, with spinal networks that lead to expression of coordinated motor output. In the rodent, during the last embryonic week, motor output first occurs as regular bursts of spontaneous activity, progressing to stochastic patterns of episodes that express bouts of coordinated rhythmic activity perinatally. Locomotor activity becomes functionally mature in the 2nd postnatal wk and is heralded by the onset of weight-bearing locomotion on the 8th and 9th postnatal day. Concomitantly, there is a maturation of intrinsic properties and key conductances mediating plateau potentials. In this review, we discuss spinal neuronal excitability, descending modulation, and afferent modulation in the developing rodent spinal cord. In the adult, plastic mechanisms are much more constrained but become more permissive following neurotrauma, such as spinal cord injury. We discuss parallel mechanisms that contribute to maturation of network function during development to mechanisms of pathological plasticity that contribute to aberrant motor patterns, such as spasticity and clonus, which emerge following central injury. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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