Starvation promotes concerted modulation of appetitive olfactory behavior via parallel neuromodulatory circuits
| Autor: | Steven A. Wasserman, Kang I. Ko, Jing W. Wang, Susy M. Kim, Cory M. Root, Orel A Zaninovich, Scott A. Lindsay, Andrew K. Shepherd |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
Olfactory system
insulin QH301-705.5 substance P Science Olfaction Biology Basic Behavioral and Social Science General Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology Synapse neuroscience Tachykinins Behavioral and Social Science medicine Biological neural network Animals Drosophila Proteins Biology (General) 2. Zero hunger Glomerulus (olfaction) Appetitive Behavior General Immunology and Microbiology D. melanogaster General Neuroscience Neuropeptides Neurosciences General Medicine Anatomy Olfactory Pathways Olfactory Perception Attraction medicine.anatomical_structure Drosophila melanogaster Starvation Medicine Antennal lobe Biochemistry and Cell Biology Aversive Stimulus RNA-seq two-photon imaging Neuroscience sNPF Research Article olfaction |
| Zdroj: | eLife, Vol 4 (2015) Ko, KI; Root, CM; Lindsay, SA; Zaninovich, OA; Shepherd, AK; Wasserman, SA; et al.(2015). Starvation promotes concerted modulation of appetitive olfactory behavior via parallel neuromodulatory circuits. ELIFE, 4. doi: 10.7554/eLife.08298. UC San Diego: Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9jz744n5 eLife eLife, vol 4, iss JULY2015 Ko, KI; Root, CM; Lindsay, SA; Zaninovich, OA; Shepherd, AK; Wasserman, SA; et al.(2015). Starvation promotes concerted modulation of appetitive olfactory behavior via parallel neuromodulatory circuits. eLife, 4(JULY2015). doi: 10.7554/eLife.08298.001. UC San Diego: Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6885n7v3 |
| DOI: | 10.7554/eLife.08298. |
| Popis: | The internal state of an organism influences its perception of attractive or aversive stimuli and thus promotes adaptive behaviors that increase its likelihood of survival. The mechanisms underlying these perceptual shifts are critical to our understanding of how neural circuits support animal cognition and behavior. Starved flies exhibit enhanced sensitivity to attractive odors and reduced sensitivity to aversive odors. Here, we show that a functional remodeling of the olfactory map is mediated by two parallel neuromodulatory systems that act in opposing directions on olfactory attraction and aversion at the level of the first synapse. Short neuropeptide F sensitizes an antennal lobe glomerulus wired for attraction, while tachykinin (DTK) suppresses activity of a glomerulus wired for aversion. Thus we show parallel neuromodulatory systems functionally reconfigure early olfactory processing to optimize detection of nutrients at the risk of ignoring potentially toxic food resources. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08298.001 eLife digest Animals typically need to forage for their food, but doing so is not without risk. Foraging can expose an animal to predators and harmful toxins. Many animals use odors and other chemical signals to help them locate food or to avoid harm. In some animals, such as fruit flies, different parts of the nervous system are hardwired to encourage individuals to move towards attractive odors or away from unpleasant ones. Fruit flies feed on the yeast that grows on decaying fruit. They do so by ignoring fresh fruits (which have very little yeast) and avoiding overly-rotten fruits (which might contain toxic chemicals). To determine ripeness, flies use a fruit's vinegar levels: fresh fruits contain low levels of vinegar, while fermented fruits have high levels. Previous studies using low levels of vinegar have shown that well-fed flies largely ignore the scent, while starving flies are attracted to it. Ko et al. have built on the results of previous studies and now report that starving fruit flies are much less sensitive to unfavorable odors in high levels of vinegar and much more sensitive to favorable odors in low levels of vinegar. This behavior is due to two neuropeptides (molecules that carry signals between neurons) that have opposite effects on different parts of the fly's nervous system. One of the neuropeptides made the groups of neurons that respond to attractive odors more responsive, while the other suppressed the activity of neurons that normally respond to unpleasant odors. Together these changes could encourage the animals to take more risks when they are hungry, by suppressing of their ability to recognize noxious or harmful chemicals in favor of their ability to perceive attractive odors. The effect of both neuropeptides is triggered by the insulin hormone, which carries information about the metabolic state (for example, whether it is starving or well-fed) throughout the whole animal. Thus, individual neurons may read the same metabolic signals and then respond in different ways to fine-tune the activity of nearby circuits of neurons to alter foraging behavior in a coordinated manner. Furthermore, it is almost certain that similar changes to the sensory system could affect an animal's appetite for food. One of the next challenges will be to attempt to understand if and how appetite in humans might be controlled in a similar way. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08298.002 |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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