| Autor: |
Azzarri, Carlo, Boukaka, Sedi-Anne, Haile, Beliyou, Seymour, Greg, Heckert, Jessica, Meinzen-Dick, Ruth, Quisumbing, Agnes, Garbero, Alessandra, Mabiso, Athur, Arslan, Aslihan, Cavatassi, Romina, Songsermsawas, Tisorn, Savastano, Sara, Paolantonio, Adriana, Yasser, Rawane, van Biljon, Chloe, Paliwal, Neha, Toma, Irene, Franceschini, Gianluca |
| Rok vydání: |
2022 |
| DOI: |
10.5281/zenodo.7405750 |
| Popis: |
Rural transformation is an integral component of economic development, which leads to reduction in poverty and improvement in women’s empowerment. Complete equality between men and women, however, cannot be reached without specific policy action (Duflo, 2012). The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have added renewed emphasis on women’s empowerment in the development discourse as 11 of the 17 SDGs require improvements in indicators related to gender dynamics, even though the SDG5 is the only one directly addressing gender inequality (Doss et al. 2018). Promoting gender equality and women’s empowerment in rural areas is one of the key objectives of IFAD. It comprises three dimensions: economic empowerment to enable both rural women and men to participate in and benefit from profitable economic activities (economic empowerment); equal voice of men and women to influence rural institutions and organizations, including decision making processes at the household, community, and local level (voice and decision-making); and a more equitable balance in workload and in sharing economic and social benefits between women and men (equitable workloads). Our paper contributes to the understanding of the impacts of IFAD investments on gender equity and women’s empowerment, focusing on a synthesis of existing evidence on the types of welfare-improving interventions. More specifically, we summarize findings from six impact assessments of IFAD supported projects that have used the integrated Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (i-WEAI) to estimate impacts on multiple dimensions of women’s empowerment.[1] Focusing on this methodology and using data disaggregated by sex, we present the results of the IAs of the six IFAD programs conducted in three different IFAD regions and focusing on a variety of activities and sectors, including agriculture value chains (Mali-PMR, Nigeria-VCDP, and Tanzania-MIVARF), household business enterprises (Ghana-REP III) and natural resources management (Kenya-UTaNRMP and Djibouti-PRAREV). Although all programs paid a particular attention to vulnerable groups and especially women, the evidence suggests large variations in their impacts on gender-related indicators. Overall, while many programs worked towards encouraging joint decision making on income generating activities, they sometimes fell short on improving actual female participation. Finally, female asset ownership is a dimension for which progress is still very much needed overall, as lack of impacts or poor performances were observed for most programs. Particular attention should be devoted to women land ownership, tenure, and property rights that have remained unimproved in all cases. This study also identifies guiding principles for project/program design and policymaking that improve women’s empowerment. [1]The Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) (Alkire et al., 2013) and the project-level WEAI (pro-WEAI), the newest version of WEAI designed as a diagnostic and impact assessment tool for agricultural development projects (Malapit et al., 2019), measure inclusion and empowerment of both sexes in the agricultural sector. The integrated-WEAI (i-WEAI), is a novel approach to measure women’s empowerment that is intended to prevent duplication of survey questions (via minor modifications of pro-WEAI data collection methodology) and reduce overall survey time. |
| Databáze: |
OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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