Detailed Theoretical Characterization of a Transcritical CO2 Direct Expansion Ground Source Heat Pump Water Heater
| Autor: | Arash Bastani, Messaoud Badache, Parham Eslami-Nejad, Zine Aidoun |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Control and Optimization
020209 energy Energy Engineering and Power Technology 02 engineering and technology Transcritical cycle lcsh:Technology law.invention Refrigerant 020401 chemical engineering law transcritical 0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineering 0204 chemical engineering Electrical and Electronic Engineering Process engineering Engineering (miscellaneous) Heat pump water heater Renewable Energy Sustainability and the Environment business.industry lcsh:T direct expansion ground source heat pump modeling Cost reduction CO2 parametric analysis Measurement uncertainty Environmental science Ground loop (electricity) Performance improvement business Energy (miscellaneous) Heat pump |
| Zdroj: | Energies; Volume 11; Issue 2; Pages: 387 Energies, Vol 11, Iss 2, p 387 (2018) |
| ISSN: | 1996-1073 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/en11020387 |
| Popis: | A new avenue in modern heat pump technology is related to the use of natural refrigerants such as carbon dioxide (CO2). The use of CO2 in direct expansion ground source heat pumps (DX-GSHP) has also gained significant interest as it offers opportunities for cost reduction of the ground loop, albeit some challenges remain in their development, design and use. To address these challenges and to characterize CO2-DX-GSHP performance for water heating applications, a detailed theoretical model and a fully-instrumented test apparatus was developed and built at CanmetENERGY Research Laboratory. The theoretical model was validated against a set of experimental results and adopted to investigate the performance of the system over a wide operating range. Validation results showed that the model predicts the experimental results within the measurement uncertainty. A detailed system performance analysis was also performed using the theoretical model to understand the system behavior and explore the actions required for performance improvement in future installations. The results of the analysis showed that improper design and control of some components, such as the gas cooler and ground heat exchanger can degrade the system performance by up to 25%, and the heat pump heating capacity by 7.5%. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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