Toads phenotypically adjust their chemical defences to anthropogenic habitat change
| Autor: | Viktória Verebélyi, Veronika Bókony, Nikolett Ujhegyi, Bálint Üveges, Ágnes M. Móricz |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
lcsh:Medicine Endocrine Disruptors Article Bufo bufo 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Animals Humans Ecosystem Bufotoxin Life history Bufo lcsh:Science Predator Toxins Biological Phenotypic plasticity Multidisciplinary biology Ecology lcsh:R Agriculture biology.organism_classification Habitat change Bufanolides 030104 developmental biology Habitat Larva Predatory Behavior lcsh:Q 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Scientific Reports Scientific Reports, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2019) |
| ISSN: | 2045-2322 |
| Popis: | Despite the well-documented effects of human-induced environmental changes on the morphology, physiology, behaviour and life history of wild animals, next to nothing is known about how anthropogenic habitats influence anti-predatory chemical defence, a crucial fitness component of many species. We investigated the amount and composition of defensive toxins in adult common toads (Bufo bufo) captured in natural, agricultural and urban habitats, and in their offspring raised in a common-garden experiment. We found that, compared to toads captured from natural habitats, adults from both types of anthropogenic habitats had larger toxin glands (parotoids) and their toxin secretion contained higher concentrations of bufagenins, the more potent class of bufadienolide toxins. Furthermore, urban toads had lower concentrations of bufotoxins, the compounds with lower toxicity. None of these differences were present in the captive-raised juveniles; instead, toadlets originating from agricultural habitats had smaller parotoids and lower bufotoxin concentrations. These results suggest that toads’ chemical defences respond to the challenges of anthropogenic environments via phenotypic plasticity. These responses may constitute non-adaptive consequences of pollution by endocrine-disrupting chemicals as well as adaptive adjustments to the altered predator assemblages of urban and agricultural habitats. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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