Staphylococcal trafficking and infection—from ‘nose to gut’ and back
| Autor: | Jan Maarten van Dijl, Elisa J M Raineri, Dania Altulea |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
reservoir Staphylococcus aureus Human pathogen Context (language use) Review Article Biology medicine.disease_cause Microbiology nasopharynx Pathogenesis 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Immune system immune cells medicine Humans Pathogen Nose AcademicSubjects/SCI01150 Transmission (medicine) Staphylococcal Infections colonization infection 3. Good health 030104 developmental biology Infectious Diseases medicine.anatomical_structure gut 030215 immunology |
| Zdroj: | FEMS Microbiology Reviews |
| ISSN: | 1574-6976 |
| DOI: | 10.1093/femsre/fuab041 |
| Popis: | Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic human pathogen, which is a leading cause of infections worldwide. The challenge in treating S. aureus infection is linked to the development of multidrug-resistant strains and the mechanisms employed by this pathogen to evade the human immune defenses. In addition, S. aureus can hide asymptomatically in particular ‘protective’ niches of the human body for prolonged periods of time. In the present review, we highlight recently gained insights in the role of the human gut as an endogenous S. aureus reservoir next to the nasopharynx and oral cavity. In addition, we address the contribution of these ecological niches to staphylococcal transmission, including the roles of particular triggers as modulators of the bacterial dissemination. In this context, we present recent advances concerning the interactions between S. aureus and immune cells to understand their possible roles as vehicles of dissemination from the gut to other body sites. Lastly, we discuss the factors that contribute to the switch from colonization to infection. Altogether, we conclude that an important key to uncovering the pathogenesis of S. aureus infection lies hidden in the endogenous staphylococcal reservoirs, the trafficking of this bacterium through the human body and the subsequent immune responses. Here, we review the roles of different reservoirs in the human body in the onset of infections caused by the pathogen Staphylococcus aureus with focus on mechanisms of bacterial trafficking and the switch between colonization and infection. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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