Soil respiration strongly offsets carbon uptake in Alaska and Northwest Canada
| Autor: | Edward A. G. Schuur, Christina Minions, Elyn Humphreys, Susan M. Natali, Adrian V. Rocha, M. Torre Jorgenson, Nima Madani, Hiroki Ikawa, Oliver Sonnentag, Manuel Helbig, Rikie Suzuki, Donatella Zona, Yongwon Kim, Zhihua Liu, Xing Li, John S. Kimball, Aram Kalhori, Kyle A. Arndt, Luke D Schiferl, Jonathan A. Wang, Jennifer D. Watts, S. Potter, Margaret S. Torn, Jingfeng Xiao, Dave Risk, Bang-Yong Lee, Walter C. Oechel, Masahito Ueyama, Hideki Kobayashi, Scott J. Goetz, Roisin Commane, Eugénie S. Euskirchen, Gerardo Celis, C. Edgar |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Renewable Energy Sustainability and the Environment Carbon uptake Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health chemistry.chemical_element Climate change 15. Life on land 010603 evolutionary biology 01 natural sciences Soil respiration chemistry Arctic Boreal 13. Climate action Environmental chemistry Environmental science Carbon 0105 earth and related environmental sciences General Environmental Science |
| Zdroj: | Environmental Research Letters |
| Popis: | Soil respiration (i.e. from soils and roots) provides one of the largest global fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere and is likely to increase with warming, yet the magnitude of soil respiration from rapidly thawing Arctic-boreal regions is not well understood. To address this knowledge gap, we first compiled a new CO2 flux database for permafrost-affected tundra and boreal ecosystems in Alaska and Northwest Canada. We then used the CO2 database, multi-sensor satellite imagery, and random forest models to assess the regional magnitude of soil respiration. The flux database includes a new Soil Respiration Station network of chamber-based fluxes, and fluxes from eddy covariance towers. Our site-level data, spanning September 2016 to August 2017, revealed that the largest soil respiration emissions occurred during the summer (June–August) and that summer fluxes were higher in boreal sites (1.87 ± 0.67 g CO2–C m−2 d−1) relative to tundra (0.94 ± 0.4 g CO2–C m−2 d−1). We also observed considerable emissions (boreal: 0.24 ± 0.2 g CO2–C m−2 d−1; tundra: 0.18 ± 0.16 g CO2–C m−2 d−1) from soils during the winter (November–March) despite frozen surface conditions. Our model estimates indicated an annual region-wide loss from soil respiration of 591 ± 120 Tg CO2–C during the 2016–2017 period. Summer months contributed to 58% of the regional soil respiration, winter months contributed to 15%, and the shoulder months contributed to 27%. In total, soil respiration offset 54% of annual gross primary productivity (GPP) across the study domain. We also found that in tundra environments, transitional tundra/boreal ecotones, and in landscapes recently affected by fire, soil respiration often exceeded GPP, resulting in a net annual source of CO2 to the atmosphere. As this region continues to warm, soil respiration may increasingly offset GPP, further amplifying global climate change. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|