Black–White Risk Differentials in COVID-19 (SARS-COV2) Transmission, Mortality and Case Fatality in the United States: Translational Epidemiologic Perspective and Challenges
| Autor: | Leslie Stalnaker, Prachi Chavan, Laurens Holmes, Camillia Comeaux, Kirk W. Dabney, Lavisha Pelaez, Fanta Kalle, Benjamin Ogundele, Maura Poleon, Valescia John, Tatiana Piccoli, Glen Philipcien, Michael Enwere, Osatohamwen Okundaye, Keeti Deepika, Chinaka Chinacherem, Hikma Elmi, Gbadebo O. Ogungbade, Janille Williams |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Cross-sectional study Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Pneumonia Viral Ethnic group lcsh:Medicine 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology White People Article Betacoronavirus 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine parasitic diseases Case fatality rate Odds Ratio COVID-19 (SARS-COV2) Humans Medicine Cumulative incidence 030212 general & internal medicine case fatality Pandemics health disparities SARS-CoV-2 business.industry Incidence Incidence (epidemiology) lcsh:R Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health COVID-19 race/ethnicity Odds ratio mortality United States Health equity Black or African American Cross-Sectional Studies Relative risk Regression Analysis Female Coronavirus Infections business Demography |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Volume 17 Issue 12 International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 17, Iss 4322, p 4322 (2020) |
| ISSN: | 1660-4601 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/ijerph17124322 |
| Popis: | Background: Social and health inequities predispose vulnerable populations to adverse morbidity and mortality outcomes of epidemics and pandemics. While racial disparities in cumulative incidence (CmI) and mortality from the influenza pandemics of 1918 and 2009 implicated Blacks with survival disadvantage relative to Whites in the United States, COVID-19 currently indicates comparable disparities. We aimed to: (a) assess COVID-19 CmI by race, (b) determine the Black&ndash White case fatality (CF) and risk differentials, and (c) apply explanatory model for mortality risk differentials. Methods: COVID-19 data on confirmed cases and deaths by selective states health departments were assessed using a cross-sectional ecologic design. Chi-square was used for CF independence, while binomial regression model for the Black&ndash White risk differentials. Results: The COVID-19 mortality CmI indicated Blacks/AA with 34% of the total mortality in the United States, albeit their 13% population size. The COVID-19 CF was higher among Blacks/AA relative to Whites Maryland, (2.7% vs. 2.5%), Wisconsin (7.4% vs. 4.8%), Illinois (4.8% vs. 4.2%), Chicago (5.9% vs. 3.2%), Detroit (Michigan), 7.2% and St. John the Baptist Parish (Louisiana), 7.9%. Blacks/AA compared to Whites in Michigan were 15% more likely to die, CmI risk ratio (CmIRR) = 1.15, 95% CI, 1.01&ndash 1.32. Blacks/AA relative to Whites in Illinois were 13% more likely to die, CmIRR = 1.13, 95% CI, 0.93&ndash 1.39, while Blacks/AA compared to Whites in Wisconsin were 51% more likely to die, CmIRR = 1.51, 95% CI, 1.10&ndash 2.10. In Chicago, Blacks/AA were more than twice as likely to die, CmIRR = 2.24, 95% CI, 1.36&ndash 3.88. Conclusion: Substantial racial/ethnic disparities are observed in COVID-19 CF and mortality with Blacks/AA disproportionately affected across the United States. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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