Novel materials for fuel cells operating on liquid fuels
| Autor: | D. S. P. Cardoso, Luís Amaral, César A.C. Sequeira, Marta Martins |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
Inorganic chemistry
Energy Engineering and Power Technology Proton exchange membrane fuel cell 02 engineering and technology low-temperature fuel cells 010402 general chemistry 01 natural sciences electrocatalysts Liquid fuel materials Steam reforming Hydrogen storage Sodium borohydride chemistry.chemical_compound lcsh:TK1001-1841 Hydrogen fuel enhancement liquid fuels Renewable Energy Sustainability and the Environment 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology Direct-ethanol fuel cell 0104 chemical sciences lcsh:Production of electric energy or power. Powerplants. Central stations Fuel Technology Chemical engineering chemistry Hydrogen fuel 0210 nano-technology energy |
| Zdroj: | AIMS Energy, Vol 5, Iss 3, Pp 458-481 (2017) |
| ISSN: | 2333-8334 |
| Popis: | Towards commercialization of fuel cell products in the coming years, the fuel cell systems are being redefined by means of lowering costs of basic elements, such as electrolytes and membranes, electrode and catalyst materials, as well as of increasing power density and long-term stability. Among different kinds of fuel cells, low-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are of major importance, but their problems related to hydrogen storage and distribution are forcing the development of liquid fuels such as methanol, ethanol, sodium borohydride and ammonia. In respect to hydrogen, methanol is cheaper, easier to handle, transport and store, and has a high theoretical energy density. The second most studied liquid fuel is ethanol, but it is necessary to note that the highest theoretically energy conversion efficiency should be reached in a cell operating on sodium borohydride alkaline solution. It is clear that proper solutions need to be developed, by using novel catalysts, namely nanostructured single phase and composite materials, oxidant enrichment technologies and catalytic activity increasing. In this paper these main directions will be considered. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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