DNA Methyltransferases, DNA Methylation, and Age-Associated Cognitive Function

Autor:	Di Cui, Xiangru Xu
Rok vydání:	2018
Předmět:	cognitive ageing 0301 basic medicine DNA-Cytosine Methylases Methyltransferase synaptic gene expression CNS Review Disease Biology Catalysis Inorganic Chemistry 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Transcriptional regulation Animals Humans Cognitive Dysfunction Epigenetics Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Molecular Biology Spectroscopy Memory Disorders DNA methylation Neuronal Plasticity Organic Chemistry DNMTs Brain General Medicine Computer Science Applications genomic DNA 030104 developmental biology chemistry Genomic imprinting Neuroscience DNA
Zdroj:	Int J Mol Sci International Journal of Molecular Sciences
ISSN:	1422-0067
DOI:	10.3390/ijms19051315
Popis:	Ageing, a leading cause of the decline/deficits in human learning, memory, and cognitive abilities, is a major risk factor for age-associated neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. Emerging evidence suggests that epigenetics, an inheritable but reversible biochemical process, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of age-related neurological disorders. DNA methylation, the best-known epigenetic mark, has attracted most attention in this regard. DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) are key enzymes in mediating the DNA methylation process, by which a methyl group is transferred, faithfully or anew, to genomic DNA sequences. Biologically, DNMTs are important for gene imprinting. Accumulating evidence suggests that DNMTs not only play critical roles, including gene imprinting and transcription regulation, in early development stages of the central nervous system (CNS), but also are indispensable in adult learning, memory, and cognition. Therefore, the impact of DNMTs and DNA methylation on age-associated cognitive functions and neurodegenerative diseases has emerged as a pivotal topic in the field. In this review, the effects of each DNMT on CNS development and healthy and pathological ageing are discussed.
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
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