A Retrospective Study of Chinese-Specific Glabellar Contraction Patterns
| Autor: | Cheryl Zhou, Yan Wu, Li Yang, Anna Yuan Yao, Shaomin Zhong, Daniel Meng-Yen Hsieh, Chen Yuan, Xinyun Tong |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male medicine.medical_specialty Contraction (grammar) Adolescent Cosmetic Techniques Dermatology Injections Intramuscular 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases 03 medical and health sciences Young Adult 0302 clinical medicine Asian People Internal medicine Medicine Humans Forehead Botulinum Toxins Type A Aged Retrospective Studies Chinese population business.industry Retrospective cohort study General Medicine Middle Aged Skin Aging Neuromuscular Agents Patient Satisfaction 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Practice Guidelines as Topic Surgery Original Article Female business |
| Zdroj: | Dermatologic Surgery |
| ISSN: | 1524-4725 1076-0512 |
| Popis: | BACKGROUND Botulinum toxin has been widely accepted as safe and effective for the treatment of glabellar lines, and previous studies have classified glabellar contraction patterns into 5 categories. OBJECTIVE To classify the glabellar contraction patterns among a large-scale Chinese population and provide a reference for injections in Chinese patients. METHODS Four hundred eighty-nine Chinese subjects who received botulinum toxin for the treatment of glabellar lines were selected for a retrospective photographic analysis of their glabellar contraction patterns. Using 2 separate previously established classification systems, the patterns were analyzed and classified by a panel of certified Chinese dermatologists. RESULTS Two separate classification systems showed different distributions of glabellar contraction patterns among Chinese compared with Caucasians and Koreans. The classifications allowed for identification of the most frequent patterns in Chinese, which were “converging arrows” and “11” pattern, and provided references for identifying the most important muscles. CONCLUSION Both classification systems are applicable to the Chinese population with varying distributions. Because the classification system of de Almeida and colleagues focuses more on the muscles involved in the formation of glabellar lines, the authors' subjects classified according to this system displayed a more balanced distribution among the 5 patterns. This provides an easier reference for dermatologists in daily clinical practice and guiding treatment strategies. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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