Effects of short-term exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of different pharmaceutical mixtures on the immune response of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis

Autor: François Gagné, Michel Fournier, Jeanne Garric, Marion Gust, Marlène Fortier
Přispěvatelé: Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-UR MAEP, Emerging Methods Section, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division , Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Institut Armand Frappier (INRS-IAF), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), This project was funded by the municipal effluent research program of Environment Canada., Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)
Rok vydání: 2013
Předmět:
MESH: Decision Trees
Environmental Engineering
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
MESH: Environmental Exposure
Glutathione reductase
Lymnaea stagnalis
Pharmacology
MESH: Risk Assessment
medicine.disease_cause
Risk Assessment
Superoxide dismutase
MESH: Ponds
MESH: Lymnaea
Toxicity Tests
medicine
Animals
Environmental Chemistry
MESH: Animals
MESH: Toxicity Tests
Ponds
Waste Management and Disposal
Lymnaea
chemistry.chemical_classification
MESH: Oxidative Stress
biology
Glutathione peroxidase
Decision Trees
Environmental Exposure
biology.organism_classification
Pollution
Immunity
Innate
MESH: Immunocompetence
Oxidative Stress
MESH: Water Pollutants
Chemical
chemistry
Catalase
Toxicity
biology.protein
MESH: Immunity
Innate
Immunocompetence
MESH: Environmental Monitoring
Water Pollutants
Chemical
Oxidative stress
Environmental Monitoring
Zdroj: Science of the Total Environment
Science of the Total Environment, Elsevier, 2013, 445-446, pp.210-8. ⟨10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.057⟩
ISSN: 0048-9697
1879-1026
Popis: International audience; Pharmaceuticals are pollutants of potential concern in the aquatic environment where they are commonly introduced as complex mixtures via municipal effluents. Many reports underline the effects of pharmaceuticals on immune system of non target species. Four drug mixtures were tested, and regrouped pharmaceuticals by main therapeutic use: psychiatric (venlafaxine, carbamazepine, diazepam), antibiotic (ciprofloxacine, erythromycin, novobiocin, oxytetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim), hypolipemic (atorvastatin, gemfibrozil, benzafibrate) and antihypertensive (atenolol, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, lisinopril). Their effects were then compared with a treated municipal effluent known for its contamination, and its effects on the immune response of Lymnaea stagnalis. Adult L. stagnalis were exposed for 3 days to an environmentally relevant concentration of the four mixtures individually and as a global mixture. Effects on immunocompetence (hemocyte viability and count, ROS and thiol levels, phagocytosis) and gene expression were related to the immune response and oxidative stress: catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), Selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (SeGPx), two isoforms of the nitric oxide synthetase gene (NOS1 and NOS2), molluscan defensive molecule (MDM), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF) and heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70). Immunocompetence was differently affected by the therapeutic class mixtures compared to the global mixture, which increased hemocyte count, ROS levels and phagocytosis, and decreased intracellular thiol levels. TLR4 gene expression was the most strongly increased, especially by psychiatric mixture (19-fold), while AIF-1, GR and CAT genes were downregulated. A decision tree analysis revealed that the immunotoxic responses caused by the municipal effluent were comparable to those obtained with the global pharmaceutical mixture, and the latter shared similarity with the antibiotic mixture. This suggests that pharmaceutical mixtures in municipal effluents represent a risk for gastropods at the immunocompetence levels and the antibiotic group could represent a model therapeutic class for municipal effluent toxicity studies in L. stagnalis.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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