Influence of rib impact on thoracic gunshot trauma
| Autor: | Amy Pullen, B Shaw, David C. Kieser, T C H Plummer, Samantha Alda Rodrigues, J Guey |
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| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
Ballistic gelatin
Thoracic Injuries business.industry Forensic Ballistics Swine Velocity reduction Permanent cavity 030208 emergency & critical care medicine Ribs General Medicine Anatomy Models Biological Costal Cartilage 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Models Animal Medicine Animals Gelatin Humans Wounds Gunshot 030216 legal & forensic medicine Terminal ballistics business |
| Zdroj: | Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps. 164(6) |
| ISSN: | 0035-8665 |
| Popis: | IntroductionThe influence of rib impact on thoracic gunshot trauma remains unclear, despite its high occurrence. This study therefore investigates the effect of rib impact on a bullet’s terminal properties and injury severity.MethodsTwo bullets were used: 5.56×45 mm (full charge and reduced charge) and 7.62×51 mm (full charge). For each bullet, three impact groups were tested: (1) plain 10% ballistic gelatin (control) conditioned at 4°C, (2) intercostal impact, and (3) rib impact, the latter two tested with samples of porcine thoracic walls embedded in gelatin. Analysis included penetration depth, trajectory change, yaw, fragmentation, velocity reduction, energy deposition and temporary and permanent cavity characteristics.ResultsNo significant differences were observed for most variables. Differences were found between rib (and intercostal) impact and the control groups, suggesting that the inclusion of thoracic walls produces an effect more significant than the anatomical impact site. Effects were ammunition specific. For the 7.62×51 mm round, rib impact caused an earlier onset of yaw and more superficial permanent gelatin damage compared with plain gelatin. This round also formed a larger temporary cavity on rib impact than intercostal impact. Rib (and intercostal impact) created a smaller temporary cavity than the control for the 5.56×45 mm round. For the reduced-charge 5.56×45 mm round, rib and intercostal impact produced greater velocity reduction compared with plain gelatin.ConclusionsThis study provides new insights into the role of rib impact in thoracic gunshot injuries, and indicates that the effects are ammunition dependent. Unlike the 5.56×45 mm rounds, rib impact with the 7.62×51 mm rounds increases the risk of severe wounding. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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