The purinergic P2X7 receptor as a potential drug target to combat neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases

Autor: Luis Gandía, Victoria Maneu, Antonio G. García, Ricardo de Pascual, María F. Cano-Abad, Iago Méndez-López, Cristina Ruiz-Ruiz, Cristóbal de los Ríos, Francesco Calzaferri, Antonio M. G. de Diego
Přispěvatelé: UAM. Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto Teófilo Hernando de I+D del Medicamento (ITH), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Paz (IdiPAZ), Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía, Neurobiología del Sistema Visual y Terapia de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (NEUROVIS)
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
Zdroj: Medicinal Research Reviews
Biblos-e Archivo. Repositorio Institucional de la UAM
instname
RUA. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Alicante
Universidad de Alicante (UA)
Popis: Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) represent a huge social burden, particularly in Alzheimer's disease (AD) in which all proposed treatments investigated in murine models have failed during clinical trials (CTs). Thus, novel therapeutic strategies remain crucial. Neuroinflammation is a common pathogenic feature of NDDs. As purinergic P2X7 receptors (P2X7Rs) are gatekeepers of inflammation, they could be developed as drug targets for NDDs. Herein, we review this challenging hypothesis and comment on the numerous studies that have investigated P2X7Rs, emphasizing their molecular structure and functions, as well as their role in inflammation. Then, we elaborate on research undertaken in the field of medicinal chemistry to determine potential P2X7R antagonists. Subsequently, we review the state of neuroinflammation and P2X7R expression in the brain, in animal models and patients suffering from AD, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, and retinal degeneration. Next, we summarize the in vivo studies testing the hypothesis that by mitigating neuroinflammation, P2X7R blockers afford neuroprotection, increasing neuroplasticity and neuronal repair in animal models of NDDs. Finally, we reviewed previous and ongoing CTs investigating compounds directed toward targets associated with NDDs; we propose that CTs with P2X7R antagonists should be initiated. Despite the high expectations for putative P2X7Rs antagonists in various central nervous system diseases, the field is moving forward at a relatively slow pace, presumably due to the complexity of P2X7Rs. A better pharmacological approach to combat NDDs would be a dual strategy, combining P2X7R antagonism with drugs targeting a selective pathway in a given NDD.
We would like to acknowledge the support received from the EU Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Maria Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement N. 766124. We would also like to thank the support received from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO, Spain; grant SAF2016-78892-R to Luis Gandía and Antonio G. García) and Fundación Teófilo Hernando
Databáze: OpenAIRE