Manganese Is Essential for Neuronal Health
| Autor: | Samuel W. Caito, Michael Aschner, Kyle J. Horning, K. Grace Tipps, Aaron B. Bowman |
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| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
Health Status
Medicine (miscellaneous) chemistry.chemical_element Manganese Biology Blood–brain barrier Article Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase medicine Bile Homeostasis Humans chemistry.chemical_classification Neurons Nutrition and Dietetics Arginase Brain Parkinson Disease Micronutrient Cell biology Enzyme Activation medicine.anatomical_structure Enzyme Huntington Disease chemistry Biochemistry Intestinal Absorption Blood-Brain Barrier Efflux Nervous System Diseases Intracellular |
| Zdroj: | Annual review of nutrition. 35 |
| ISSN: | 1545-4312 |
| Popis: | The understanding of manganese (Mn) biology, in particular its cellular regulation and role in neurological disease, is an area of expanding interest. Mn is an essential micronutrient that is required for the activity of a diverse set of enzymatic proteins (e.g., arginase and glutamine synthase). Although necessary for life, Mn is toxic in excess. Thus, maintaining appropriate levels of intracellular Mn is critical. Unlike other essential metals, cell-level homeostatic mechanisms of Mn have not been identified. In this review, we discuss common forms of Mn exposure, absorption, and transport via regulated uptake/exchange at the gut and blood-brain barrier and via biliary excretion. We present the current understanding of cellular uptake and efflux as well as subcellular storage and transport of Mn. In addition, we highlight the Mn-dependent and Mn-responsive pathways implicated in the growing evidence of its role in Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. We conclude with suggestions for future focuses of Mn health-related research. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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