The epidemiology and etiology of azoospermia
| Autor: | Rodrigo Pagani, Conrado Alvarenga, Marcello Cocuzza |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2013 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Infertility Pediatrics medicine.medical_specialty MEDLINE Review Semen analysis urologic and male genital diseases Male infertility Epidemiology medicine Humans Male Infertility Infertility Male Azoospermia Gynecology lcsh:R5-920 medicine.diagnostic_test business.industry General Medicine medicine.disease Semen Analysis Etiology lcsh:Medicine (General) business Literature survey |
| Zdroj: | Clinics Clinics; v. 68 n. spe (2013); 15-26 Clinics; Vol. 68 Núm. spe (2013); 15-26 Clinics; Vol. 68 No. spe (2013); 15-26 Universidade de São Paulo (USP) instacron:USP Clinics, Volume: 68 Supplement 1, Pages: 15-26, Published: 2013 Clinics, Vol 68, Pp 15-26 (2013) |
| ISSN: | 1807-5932 1980-5322 |
| DOI: | 10.6061/clinics/2013(sup01)03 |
| Popis: | The misconception that infertility is typically associated with the female is commonly faced in the management of infertile men. It is uncommon for a patient to present for an infertility evaluation with an abnormal semen analysis report before an extensive female partner workup has been performed. Additionally, a man is usually considered fertile based only on seminal parameters without a physical exam. This behavior may lead to a delay in both the exact diagnosis and in possible specific infertility treatment. Moreover, male factor infertility can result from an underlying medical condition that is often treatable but could possibly be life-threatening. The responsibility of male factor in couple's infertility has been exponentially rising in recent years due to a comprehensive evaluation of reproductive male function and improved diagnostic tools. Despite this improvement in diagnosis, azoospermia is always the most challenging topic associated with infertility treatment. Several conditions that interfere with spermatogenesis and reduce sperm production and quality can lead to azoospermia. Azoospermia may also occur because of a reproductive tract obstruction. Optimal management of patients with azoospermia requires a full understanding of the disease etiology. This review will discuss in detail the epidemiology and etiology of azoospermia. A thorough literature survey was performed using the Medline, EMBASE, BIOSIS, and Cochrane databases. We restricted the survey to clinical publications that were relevant to male infertility and azoospermia. Many of the recommendations included are not based on controlled studies. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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