Traffic, Air Pollution, Minority and Socio-Economic Status: Addressing Inequities in Exposure and Risk
| Autor: | Monika Vadali, Dorian L. Kvale, Kristie M. Ellickson, Gregory C. Pratt |
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| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male Adolescent Minnesota socio-economic status Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Air pollution Ethnic group lcsh:Medicine medicine.disease_cause Social class Risk Assessment Article Young Adult Risk Factors Air Pollution Environmental health Ethnicity medicine Humans Child environmental justice Socioeconomic status Minority Groups Aged Vehicle Emissions Aged 80 and over traffic air pollution risk Environmental justice Air Pollutants lcsh:R Stressor Infant Newborn Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Infant Environmental Exposure Health Status Disparities Environmental exposure Middle Aged Models Theoretical Geography Social Class Child Preschool Female Risk assessment Environmental Health |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 12, Iss 5, Pp 5355-5372 (2015) International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Volume 12 Issue 5 Pages 5355-5372 |
| ISSN: | 1660-4601 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/ijerph120505355 |
| Popis: | Higher levels of nearby traffic increase exposure to air pollution and adversely affect health outcomes. Populations with lower socio-economic status (SES) are particularly vulnerable to stressors like air pollution. We investigated cumulative exposures and risks from traffic and from MNRiskS-modeled air pollution in multiple source categories across demographic groups. Exposures and risks, especially from on-road sources, were higher than the mean for minorities and low SES populations and lower than the mean for white and high SES populations. Owning multiple vehicles and driving alone were linked to lower household exposures and risks. Those not owning a vehicle and walking or using transit had higher household exposures and risks. These results confirm for our study location that populations on the lower end of the socio-economic spectrum and minorities are disproportionately exposed to traffic and air pollution and at higher risk for adverse health outcomes. A major source of disparities appears to be the transportation infrastructure. Those outside the urban core had lower risks but drove more, while those living nearer the urban core tended to drive less but had higher exposures and risks from on-road sources. We suggest policy considerations for addressing these inequities. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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